1791 naval battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
This article is about the events of 1791. For the battle of the First Balkan War, see Battle of Kaliakra (1912).
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Battle of Cape Kaliakra
Part of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
Bulgarian sailors at the monument to Admiral Ushakov on Cape Kaliakra
Date
11 August 1791
Location
Cape Kaliakra off the coast of northern Bulgaria in the Black Sea
Result
Russian Victory
End of the 1787-92 Russo-Turkish War
Treaty of Jassy signed afterwards
Belligerents
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Regency of Algiers
Commanders and leaders
Admiral Fyodor Ushakov
Hussain Pasha Muhammad ibn Uthman
Strength
15[a] to 16 ships of the line 2 frigates 2 bomb vessels 1 schooner 1 fireship 17 sailing ships 998 cannons[1]
18 ships of the line 10 large frigates 7 small frigates 43 to 48[b] small crafts 1,800 cannons[1] The coastal battery[c]
Casualties and losses
17 killed and 28 wounded 1 frigate damaged[2]
Unknown, ships sustained heavy damage[2]
v
t
e
Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
1st Anapa
Kinburn
Dubica
Ochakov (land)
Ochakov (sea)
Chocim
Koča's rebellion
Fidonisi
2nd Anapa
Veterani Cave
Mehadia
Karánsebes
Souli
Focșani
Belgrade
Rymnik
3rd Anapa
Andros
Giurgiu
Cetingrad
Kerch
Tendra
Izmail
4th Anapa
Măcin
Kaliakra
Battle of Kaliakria. F.F. Ushakov 1791. Vladimir Kosov 2021.
The Battle of Cape Kaliakra (Kaliakria, Caliacria; Russian: Калиакрийское сражение) was the last naval battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). It took place on 11 August 1791 off the coast of Cape Kaliakra, Bulgaria, in the Black Sea. Neither side lost a ship, but the Ottomans retreated to Istanbul afterward.
The Russian fleet under Counter (Rear) Admiral Fyodor Ushakov,[1] of 15 ships of the line and two frigates (990 guns), and several small craft sailed from Sevastopol on 8 August, and at midday on 11 August encountered the Ottoman–Algerian fleet under Hussein Pasha of 18 ships of the line and 17 frigates (1,500–1,600 guns) and some smaller craft at anchor just south of Cape Kaliakra. Ushakov sailed, in three columns, from the northeast, between the Ottomans and the cape, despite the presence on the cape of several guns.
Admiral Said Ali, the commander of the Algerian ships, weighed anchor and sailed east, followed by Hussein Pasha with the 18 ships of the line. The Russians then turned around south to a parallel east-south-east course and formed up mostly into one line, with Ushakov in third position and one ship out of line on the off-battle side. Said Ali, leading the line, turned north to try to double the Russian van, but Ushakov sailed out of the line and attacked him, as the rest of the Russian fleet approached. This was at 16:45 (4:45 p.m.). Gradually the Turks turned to the south and when darkness put an end to fighting at 20:30 (8:30 p.m.) they were in full retreat to Istanbul. Russian casualties were 17 killed and 28 wounded, and the frigate Alexander Nevsky was damaged. Ottoman casualty figures are unknown, but their ships were heavily damaged aloft.[2]
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^ abcВоенное издательство министерства вооруженных сил союза ССР (Military publishing house of the Ministry of Armed Forces of the Union of SSRs), Боевая летопись русского флота (Battle chronicle of the Russian navy), Moscow, 1948, p. 123
^ abcTredrea & Sozaev (2010), p. 94.
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Global Information
Russian Empire
Admiral Fyodor Ushakov
Hussain Pasha
Muhammad ibn Uthman