The Bastar Rebellion, also known as the bhumkal movement was an Adivasi rebellion in 1910 against the British Raj in the princely state of Bastar in central India.[1] It was primarily led by Gunda Dhur,[2] a tribal leader, as well as by a diwan and cousin of the king, Lal Karendra Singh. The tribals mobilized, which led to the entire state rising in revolt against the British colonial government, overwhelming the small 250-strong police force in the state, and was marked by widespread rioting, looting and arson. By the end of February, however, additional troops from neighbouring Jeypore and Bengal had quelled the revolt and arrested the leaders.[3]
The primary cause of the rebellion, as was later discovered by several government reports examining the cause of the riots, were British colonial policies regarding usage of the forests. The British colonial government had begun reserving forests, which only allowed certain corporations to exploit forest resources. This resulted in the barring of tribals from using the forests for their livelihoods, and oftentimes, the displacement of tribal villages, which led to widespread resentment against the colonial government.[3]
However, the British, and the post-independence Indian governments, continued to reserve forests, which led to the further displacement of tribals from their lands. The continuation of these policies, which have had a detrimental impact on Adivasi livelihood, has been a powerful factor for the intense Naxalite insurgency in the Bastar division of Chhattisgarh and the continuing tribal support to it.[3]
^"Shahid Gundadhur". Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
^"आज भूमकाल दिवस:111 साल पहले आज ही के दिन से आम की टहनियों में मिर्च बांधकर अंग्रेजों के खिलाफ विद्रोह का संदेश गुंडाधुर ने गांव-गांव में भेजा था" [Today is Earth Day: 111 years back, by tying chillies in mango twigs, the message of rebellion against the British was sent by Gundadhur to every village] (in Hindi). 10 February 2021.
^ abcVERGHESE, AJAY (19 August 2015). "British Rule and Tribal Revolts in India: The curious case of Bastar". Modern Asian Studies. 50 (5): 1619–1644. doi:10.1017/s0026749x14000687. ISSN 0026-749X. S2CID 143195919.
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