Temporal range: Stenian to present, Disputed Rafatazmia from late Statherian ~1047–0 Ma
Pha.
Proterozoic
Archean
Had.
Bangia spp.
Scientific classification
(unranked):
Archaeplastida
Division:
Rhodophyta
Class:
Bangiophyceae
Subclass:
Bangiophycidae
Order:
Bangiales Nägeli, 1847
Families
†Rafatazmia?
Bangiaceae
Granufilaceae
Bangiales is an order of multicellular red algae of the class Bangiophyceae containing the families Bangiaceae, Granufilaceae,[1] and possibly the extinct genus Rafatazmia with one species, Rafatazmia chitrakootensis.[2] They are one of the oldest eukaryotic organisms, possibly dating back to 1.6 billion years old. Many species are used today as food in different cultures worldwide. Their sizes range from microscopic (Bangiomorpha) to up to two meters long (Wildemania occidentalis).[3] Many of its species are affected by Pythium porphyrae, a parasitic oomycete.[4][5][6][7] Similar to many other species of red algae, they reproduce both asexually and sexually. They can be both filamentous or foliose, and are found worldwide.[8]
^Michael D. Guiry (2024). "Bangiales Nägeli, 1847". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
^Azmi, R.J. (1998). "Discovery of Lower Cambrian small shelly fossils and brachiopods from the Lower Vindhyan of Son Valley, Central India". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 52 (4).
^Fretwell, Kelly. "Wildemania occidentalis, formerly Porphyra occidentalis". Biodiversity of the Central Coast. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
^Spencer, M. A. (2004). "Pythium porphyrae. (Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria)". IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 162 (Sheet 1617). Retrieved 10 October 2017. A description is provided for Pythium porphyrae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Red-rot disease, red-wasting disease. HOSTS: Bangia atropurpurea, Callophyllis adhaerens, Polyopes affinis (syn
^Arasaki, Satoshi (1947). "アサクサノリの腐敗病に關する研究" [Studies on the Wasting Disease of the Cultured Lavers (Porphyra tenera)]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries) (in Japanese). 13 (3): 74–90. doi:10.2331/suisan.13.74.
^Diehl, Nora; Kim, Gwang Hoon; Zuccarello, Giuseppe C. (March 2017). "A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)". Algae. 32 (1): 29–39. doi:10.4490/algae.2017.32.2.25.
^Takahashi, Minoru; Ichitani, Takio; Sasaki, Minoru (1977). "ノリ赤腐病を起因するPythium porphyrae" [Pythium porphyrae sp. nov. causing red rot of marine algae Porphyra spp.]. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 18 (3): 279–285.
^Mikami, Koji; Takahashi, Megumu (January 2023). "Life cycle and reproduction dynamics of Bangiales in response to environmental stresses". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 134: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.004. PMID 35428563.
algae currently placed inside Bangiales was the now-deprecated genus Phyllona by botanist John Hill in 1773. Bangiales itself was first categorized by...
(October 2011). "A New Look at an Ancient Order: Generic Revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta)". J. Phycol. 47 (5): 1131–1151. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011...
September 2017. Nelson, Wendy A. (2013-03-22). "Pyropia plicata sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): naming a common intertidal alga from New Zealand". PhytoKeys...
Giuseppe C. (March 2017). "A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)". Algae. 32 (1): 29–39. doi:10...
yezoensis and a cryptic species of the Neopyropia yezoensis complex (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by the use of microsatellite markers". Aquaculture Reports...
Bangiaceae is a family of red algae in the order Bangiales. It contains laver, used to make laverbread, and various species in the genus of Pyropia are...
Giuseppe C. (March 2017). "A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)". Algae. 32 (1): 29–39. doi:10...
blades: why genera need to be more carefully defined; the case for Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)". Algae. 37 (3): 208. doi:10.4490/algae.2022.37.9.11. Kim...
evaluation of species relationships in the Porphyra perforata complex (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) using starch gel electrophoresis". Thirteenth International...
Stephen; Lu, Qin-Qin; Brodie, Juliet (20 March 2020). "Redefining Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): Four New Genera, Resurrection of Porphyrella and Description...
Bangiophyceae is a class of red algae that includes the order Bangiales and possibly Goniotrichales. In some classifications it is merged with the Florideophyceae...
(October 2011). "A New Look at an Ancient Order: Generic Revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta)". J. Phycol. 47 (5): 1132. Bibcode:2011JPcgy..47.1131S. doi:10...
(October 2011). "A New Look at an Ancient Order: Generic Revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta)". J. Phycol. 47 (5): 1132. Bibcode:2011JPcgy..47.1131S. doi:10...
January 27, 2022. Nelson, Wendy (2013-03-22). "Pyropia plicata sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): naming a common intertidal alga from New Zealand". PhytoKeys...
flora of New Zealand suggests a southern origin for Porphyra and Bangia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (3): 1197–1307...
Milstein, D. & Müller, K.M. (2011). A new look at an ancient order: generic revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 47(5): 1131-1151....
"Life history in culture of the obligate epiphyte Porphyra subtumens (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) endemic to New Zealand". Phycological Research. 44 (1): 19–25...
Robert G. (12 April 2019). "A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) and description of a new genus and species, Pseudobangia...
the 18S rDNA locus. Nelson, W (2001). "Four new species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the New Zealand region described using traditional characters...
ISBN 9780987668813. OCLC 841897290. Nelson, W (2001). "Four new species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the New Zealand region described using traditional characters...
This is a list of red seaweeds (Domain: Eukaryota, Division: Rhodophyta) recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used...
K.M. (2011). A new look at an ancient order: generic revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 47(5): 1131-1151. Wassilieff, Maggy...
coasts of Australia. Nelson, W (2001). "Four new species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the New Zealand region described using traditional characters...
algae − specifically in the subphylum Eurhodophytina, except haploid Bangiales. They are often stoppered with proteinaceous "pit plugs". By contrast...
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