Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens is the name given to tephritid fruit flies that were introduced to East Africa from Sri Lanka and subsequently invaded practically the whole of Sub-Saharan Africa, hence the species name "invadens".[1] It was first shown to be the same biological species as B. dorsalis s.s. by possessing identical sex pheromonal components after consumption of methyl eugenol, and also based on CO1 and rDNA sequences.[2] Subsequently, it was agreed that B. invadens, B. papayae and B. philippinensis be synonymized as B. dorsalis.[3] To counteract its detrimental effects to the fruit business, the industry resorts to cold treatment in order to get rid of the larvae.[4]
^Drew, Richard Arthur Ian, K. Tsuruta, and I. M. White. "A new species of pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from Sri Lanka and Africa." African Entomology 13.1 (2005): 149-154
^Tan, K. H., I. Tokushima, H. Ono, and R. Nishida. 2011. Comparison of phenylpropanoid volatiles in male rectal and pheromone gland after methyl eugenol consumptions, and molecular phylogenetic relationship of four global pest fruit fly species: Bactrocera invadens, B. dorsalis, B. correcta and B. zonata. Chemoecology 21:25-33; Tan, K.H., S.L. Wee, H. Ono, and R. Nishida. 2013. Comparison of methyl eugenol metabolites, mitochondrial COI, and rDNA sequences of Bactrocera philippinensis (Diptera: Tephritidae) with those of three other major pest species within the dorsalis complex. Applied Entomology and Zoology 48: 275-282.
^"Current Status Bactrocera dorsalis Complex-Clarke ... - NUCLEUS nucleus.iaea.org/.../Current%20Status%20Bactrocera%20dorsalis%20Co...and references there in."
^Grout TG, Daneel JH, Mohamed SA, et al. (August 2011). "Cold susceptibility and disinfestation of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in oranges". Journal of Economic Entomology. 104 (4): 1180–8. doi:10.1603/ec10435. PMID 21882681.
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