The backward disadvantage[1] (simplified Chinese: 后发劣势; traditional Chinese: 後發劣勢), or the disadvantage of backwardness,[2] also known as latecomer's disadvantage,[3] is a viewpoint put forward by Chinese-Australian economist Yang Xiaokai.[4] It is borrowed from the American economist Watson's concept of "curse to the late comer".[5]
Yang pointed out that the "backward disadvantage" refers to the fact that it is easier for late-development countries to imitate technologies, but more difficult to imitate the system, because the reform will offend vested interests, although late developing countries can achieve rapid developments in the short term, but will leave hidden problems for long-term development.[6]
In 2002, in a lecture at the Tianze Economic Research Institute in Beijing,[7] Yang cited Watson's "curse of the late comer" to draw public attention to "backward disadvantages" in China's future social and economic development, which aroused strong reactions in Chinese and foreign academic circles.[8]
^Fang Cai (25 February 2010). The China Population and Labor Yearbook, Volume 2: The Sustainability of Economic Growth from the Perspective of Human Resources. Brill Publishers. pp. 151–. ISBN 978-90-474-2699-8.
^"Growth Without Development". Oriental Daily. 15 Oct 2013.
^Tan Yigitcanlar; Hoon Han; Md. (Liton) Kamruzzaman (3 April 2020). Approaches, Advances and Applications in Sustainable Development of Smart Cities. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. pp. 279–. ISBN 978-3-03928-012-4.
^China Statistics. China Statistics Press. 2005.
^William Luo (30 March 2018). On Semi-Capital: Semi-Capitalism in China. World Chinese Language Press. pp. 616–. ISBN 978-1-940266-12-1.
^"The "Period of Contradictions" Has Arrived, What's the next step?". Duowei News. 29 Nov 2018.
^Deng Yuwen (2007-10-30). "Justin Yifu Lin: An academic's path to politics". China News Service.
^Jiefu Zhang (1 October 2018). Full-time distance learning research: an innovative model for education in remote, ethnic areas of China in the era of "Internet+". Beijing Normal University Press. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-7-303-24234-4.
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