Baal information

Baʿal
Baʿal
God of fertility, weather, rain, wind, lightning, seasons, war, sailors
	Solid cast bronze of a votive figurine representing the god Baal discovered at Tel Megiddo, dating to the mid-2nd millennium BC.
Symbol	Bull, ram, thunderbolt
Region	Ancient Syria, especially Halab; Near, around and at Ugarit; Canaan; North Africa; Middle Kingdom of Egypt;
Personal information
Parents	Dagan and Shalash (in Syria); El and Athirat (in some Ugaritic texts);
Siblings	Hebat (in Syrian tradition), Anat
Consorts	possibly Anat and/or Athtart
Offspring	Pidray, Tallay, Arsay
Equivalents
Greek equivalent	Zeus
Mesopotamian equivalent	Hadad
Hurrian equivalent	Teshub
Egyptian equivalent	Set (due to being a foreign god in Egypt, since Set was the god of foreigners – otherwise Baal Zephon equivalent with Hadad who is analogous to Ba’al, was also equated with Horus)

Baal (/ˈbeɪ.əl, ˈbɑː.əl/),^[6]^[a] or Baʻal^[b] (Hebrew: בַּעַל baʿal), was a title and honorific meaning 'owner' or 'lord' in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods.^[11] Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities, but inscriptions have shown that the name Ba'al was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations.^[12]

The Hebrew Bible includes use of the term in reference to various Levantine deities, often with application towards Hadad, who was decried as a false god. That use was taken over into Christianity and Islam, sometimes under the form Beelzebub in demonology.

^ M. Smith, ‘Athtart in Late Bronze Age Syrian Texts [in:] D. T. Sugimoto (ed), Transformation of a Goddess. Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite, 2014, p. 48-49; 60-61
^ T. J. Lewis, ʿAthtartu’s Incantations and the Use of Divine Names as Weapons, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 71, 2011, p. 208
^ S. A. Wiggins, Pidray, Tallay and Arsay in the Baal Cycle, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 2(29), 2003, p. 86-93
^ "Baal (ancient deity)". Encyclopedia Britannica (online ed.).
^ Kramer 1984, p. 266.
^ "Baal". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2019-12-26. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ "Baal". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2019-12-26.
^ ^a ^b "Baal". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
^ Webb, Steven K. (2012). "Baal". Webb's Easy Bible Names Pronunciation Guide.
^ De Moor & al. (1987), p. 1.
^ Smith (1878), pp. 175–176.
^ AYBD (1992), "Baal (Deity)".

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] M. Smith, ‘Athtart in Late Bronze Age Syrian Texts [in:] D. T. Sugimoto (ed), Transformation of a Goddess. Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite, 2014, p. 48-49; 60-61

[2] T. J. Lewis, ʿAthtartu’s Incantations and the Use of Divine Names as Weapons, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 71, 2011, p. 208

[3] S. A. Wiggins, Pidray, Tallay and Arsay in the Baal Cycle, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages 2(29), 2003, p. 86-93

[4] "Baal (ancient deity)". Encyclopedia Britannica (online ed.).

[FOOTNOTEKramer1984266-5] Kramer 1984, p. 266.

[oed-6] "Baal". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2019-12-26. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[7] "Baal". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2019-12-26.

[mwo-8] "Baal". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 2019-12-26.

[9] Webb, Steven K. (2012). "Baal". Webb's Easy Bible Names Pronunciation Guide.

[FOOTNOTEDe_Moor_&_al.1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidfu_Y5qnoCpACpgPA1_1]-11] De Moor & al. (1987), p. 1.

[FOOTNOTESmith1878175–176-13] Smith (1878), pp. 175–176.

[FOOTNOTE''AYBD''1992"Baal_(Deity)"-14] AYBD (1992), "Baal (Deity)".

Baal information

and 20 Related for: Baal information

Baal

Beelzebub

Baal Hammon

Baal Shem Tov

Baal Cycle

Baal teshuva movement

Baal teshuva

Baal Berith

British Association for Applied Linguistics

Baalveer

Astarte

Hadad

Mephibosheth

Canaanite religion

Baal keriah

Gideon

Numbers 31

Baalshamin

Baal Krishna

Anushka Sen

Deities of the ancient Near East
Ancient Egyptian Amun Anubis Apis Atum Buchis Geb Horus Isis Montu Nephthys Nut Osiris Ptah Qetesh Ra Set Shu Tefnut Thoth
Arabian Allah Aglibol Abgal al-Lat al-Qaum al-‘Uzzá Atarsamain ʿAṯtar Baalshamin Bēl Dhul Khalasa Dushara Gad Hubal Malakbel Manaf Manāt Nasr Nuha Orotalt Ruda Suwa' Theandrios Wadd Ya'uq Yaghūth Yarhibol Yatha
Eblaite Adamma Aštabil Dagan Hadabal Hadad Ḫalabatu Ishara Kura Ninkarrak Saggar Shalash
Elamite Humban Inshushinak Ishmekarab Jabru Kiririsha Lagamar Manzat Nahhunte Narundi Napir Napirisha Pinikir Ruhurater Simut
Hurrian Allani Aštabi Hayya Ḫepat Hutena and Hutellura Ishara Kubaba Kumarbi Kušuḫ Lelluri Mitanni dynastic deities (Indra, Mitra, Varuna) Nabarbi Ninatta and Kulitta Nupatik Pirengir Shalash Šarruma Šauška Šimige Šuwala Takitu Tašmišu Teshub Tilla
Levantine (Canaanite and Ugaritic) Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Ashima Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Azizos Baʿal Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baʿalshamem Baʿalat Gebal Chemosh Dagan El Eshmun Haddu Kotharat Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yam Yahweh Yarikh
Mesopotamian Adad/Ishkur Amurru An/Anu Asarluhi Ashur Aya Belet Nagar Dumuzi Enki/Ea Enlil Ereshkigal Gibil Inanna/Ishtar Ishtaran Manungal Marduk Nabu Nammu Nanaya Nisaba Shala Šumugan Nanna/Sin Nergal Ninazu Ninegal Ningal Ningishzida Ninhursag Ninisina Ninlil Ninshubur Pabilsag Papsukkal Sarpanit Sebitti Tishpak Utu/Shamash Wer Zababa
Religions of the ancient Near East
v t e