HK-2910X, the aircraft involved, photographed in August 1983
Accident
Date
27 November 1983; 40 years ago (27 November 1983)
Summary
Controlled flight into terrain due to pilot error, navigational error, and ATC error
Site
Mejorada del Campo, near Madrid Barajas International Airport Madrid, Spain 40°24′12″N3°26′57″W / 40.40333°N 3.44917°W / 40.40333; -3.44917
Aircraft
Aircraft type
Boeing 747-283M
Aircraft name
Olafo
Operator
Avianca
IATA flight No.
AV011
ICAO flight No.
AVA011
Call sign
AVIANCA 011
Registration
HK-2910X
Flight origin
Frankfurt Airport West Germany[a]
1st stopover
Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris, France
2nd stopover
Madrid Barajas International Airport Madrid, Spain
Last stopover
Simón Bolívar Int'l Airport Caracas, Venezuela
Destination
El Dorado International Airport Bogotá, Colombia
Occupants
192
Passengers
169
Crew
23
Fatalities
181
Injuries
11
Survivors
11
Avianca Flight 011, registration HK-2910X,[1] was a Boeing 747-200M on an international scheduled passenger flight from Frankfurt to Bogotá via Paris, Madrid, and Caracas that crashed near Madrid on 27 November 1983. It took off from Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris at 22:25 on 26 November 1983 for Madrid Barajas Airport; take-off was delayed waiting for additional passengers from a Lufthansa flight due to a cancellation of the Paris-Frankfurt-Paris segment by Avianca for operational reasons.[2][3]
During the instrument landing system (ILS) approach to runway 33, the 747 crashed on a hill approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south east of the airport, killing 181 people, including 19 on-duty and four off-duty crew members. The 11 surviving passengers were seriously injured.[4] The cause of the accident was judged to be pilot error, the captain having incorrectly determined the position of the plane.[1] As of 2024, Avianca Flight 011 remains the second-deadliest aviation accident in Spanish territory (the deadliest being the Tenerife airport disaster), the deadliest accident in mainland Spain, and the deadliest accident in the history of Avianca.[5]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^"ICAO Circular (196-AN/119)" (PDF). Aircraft Accident Digest. 30. International Civil Aviation Organization: 105–141. 1983. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2015.
^Gero, David (29 May 2009). Aviation Disasters: The World's Major Civil Airliner Crashes Since 1950. History Press. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-0-7524-9992-5.
^"176 Are Believed Killed in Crash Of 747 Jet Near Madrid's Airport: Airliner Crashes Near Madrid". The New York Times. Vol. 133, no. 45,875. Reuters. November 27, 1983. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
^"Death Toll in the Crash of 747 Jet Near Madrid Airport Rises to 183". The New York Times. Vol. 133, no. 45,876. Associated Press. November 28, 1983. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
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