Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001 information
Authorizes the use of military force against those responsible for the attacks on September 11, 2001
This article is about a joint resolution of the United States Congress passed in September 2001. For other similarly titled joint resolutions, see Authorization for Use of Military Force.
Authorization for Use of Military Force
Long title
Joint Resolution to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the recent attacks launched against the United States
Acronyms (colloquial)
AUMF
Enacted by
the 107th United States Congress
Effective
September 18, 2001
Citations
Public law
Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 107–40 (text) (PDF)
Statutes at Large
115 Stat. 224
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S.J.Res.23 by Tom Daschle (D–SD) on Sept. 14, 2001
Passed the Senate on Sept. 14, 2001 (98-0)
Passed the House as the H.J.Res.64 on Sept. 14, 2001 (420-1)
Signed into law by President George W. Bush on Sept. 18, 2001
United States Supreme Court cases
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), ACLU v. NSA (2007), Hedges v. Obama (2012)
The Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 107–40 (text) (PDF), 115 Stat. 224) is a joint resolution of the United States Congress which became law on September 18, 2001, authorizing the use of the United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the September 11 attacks. The authorization granted the President the authority to use all "necessary and appropriate force" against those whom he determined "planned, authorized, committed or aided" the September 11 attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups.
The AUMF was passed by the 107th Congress on September 18, 2001, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on September 18, 2001.[1] Since its passage in 2001, U.S. Presidents have interpreted their authority under the AUMF to extend beyond al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan to apply to numerous other groups as well as other geographic locales, due to the act's omission of any specific area of operations.[2] In December 2016, the Office of the President published a brief interpreting the AUMF as providing Congressional authorization for the use of force against al-Qaeda and other militant groups.[3][4] Today, the full list of actors the U.S. military is fighting or believes itself authorized to fight under the 2001 AUMF is classified.[5]
The only representative to vote against the Authorization in 2001 was Barbara Lee, who has consistently criticized it since for being a blank check giving the government unlimited powers to wage war without debate.[6]
Business Insider has reported that the AUMF has been used to allow military deployment in Afghanistan, the Philippines, Georgia, Yemen, Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Iraq, and Somalia.[7] The 2001 AUMF has enabled the US President to unilaterally launch military operations across the world without any congressional oversight or transparency for more than two decades. Between 2018-20 alone, US forces initiated what it labelled "counter-terror" activities in 85 countries. Of these, the 2001 AUMF has been used to launch classified military campaigns in at least 22 countries.[8][9]
^"S.J.Res. 23 (107th): Authorization for Use of Military Force". www.govtrack.us. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
^ Rebecca Ingber, Legally Sliding into War, Just Security, March 15, 2021
^"Report on the Legal and Policy Frameworks Guiding the United States' Use of Military Force and Related National Security Operations" (PDF). The White House. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
^Wong, Scott (13 April 2015). "GOP: Obama war request is dead". The Hill. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
^Finucane, Brian (2021-06-24). "Putting AUMF Repeal Into Context". Just Security. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
^Herb, Jeremy; Walsh, Deirdre (29 June 2017). "House panel votes to repeal war authorization for fight against ISIS and al Qaeda". CNN. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
^Woody, Christopher. "Congress may repeal the post-9/11 act the US military used to justify the fight against ISIS". Business Insider. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
^Savell, Stephanie (14 December 2021). "The 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: A Comprehensive Look at Where and How it Has Been Used". Costs of War. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023.
^Savell, Stephanie (14 December 2021). "The 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: A Comprehensive Look at Where and How it Has Been Used" (PDF). Costs of War. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2023.
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