Austrosimulium is a genus of 31 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: Austrosimulium whose species are principally from New Zealand, and Novaustrosimulium which are exclusively Australian.[2]Austrosimulium is a sister genus to the monospecific Paraustrosimulium of South America.[3]
Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite Leucocytozoon tawaki in penguins.[4][5][6]
In New Zealand, where they are known as sandflies or namu (in Māori from Proto-Austronesian *ñamuk "mosquito", compare with Malay: nyamuk),[7][8] three species – A. australense, A. tillyardianum and A. ungulatum – bite humans.[9][7]
^Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
^
Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey (2009). "World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory": 109. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Craig, Douglas Abercrombie McBeath; Craig, Ruth E. G.; Crosby, Trevor K. (2012-06-29). "Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 68. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.68.
^Douglas A. Craig & Trevor K. Crosby (2008). "Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1811. New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 57–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
^
A. M. Fallis; S. A. Bisset; F. R. Allison (1976). "Leucocytozoon tawaki n.sp. (Eucoccida: Leucocytozoidae) from the penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, and preliminary observations on its development in Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 3 (1). Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand: 11–16. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517893.
^T. K. Crosby (1976). "Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) dumbletoni n.sp. from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 3 (1). Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand: 17–19. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517894.
^ abWalrond, Carl (24 September 2007). "Sandflies and mosquitoes - Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*ñamuk: mosquito". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
^Early, John (2009). Know your New Zealand ... native insects & spiders. New Holland. p. 120. ISBN 9781869662530.
Austrosimulium is a genus of 31 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: Austrosimulium whose...
Austrosimulium ungulatum, known by the common name West Coast black fly or just sandfly, is a species of small fly of the family Simuliidae that is endemic...
The New Zealand "sandflies" are actually black flies of the species Austrosimulium australense and A. ungulatum. In parts of Scotland, various species...
Austrosimulium australense, known as the New Zealand black fly or more commonly sandfly (namu in Māori), is a species of small fly of the family Simuliidae...
(no-see-em, noseeum). New Zealand sandflies are in the genus of sand fly Austrosimulium, a type of black fly. In the various sorts of sandfly only the female...
Atoll, an atoll in the Pacific Ocean Namu, local Māori name for the Austrosimulium genus of flies found in New Zealand (aka sandflies) Namu, a human character...
fatal consequences. The typical genus is Simulium, but also Cnephia and Austrosimulium are locally important. These are medium nematocerans, halfway in size...
Novaustrosimulium is a subgenus of Austrosimulium, a genus made up of black flies. The flies in this subgenus are found exclusively in Australia. A. bancrofti...
ornithophilia, Simulium rugglesi L. smithi—Simulium nigritarse L. tawaki—Austrosimulium ungulatum Like many protist species and genera this genus is subject...
World and is called Lutzomyia. Other examples are biting midges, or Austrosimulium, a black fly found in New Zealand. The result of many of these viruses...