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The Augustinian hypothesis (sometimes referred to as the Augustinian Proposal) is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the Gospels of the New Testament. The hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, by Matthew the Evangelist (see the Gospel According to the Hebrews and the Jewish-Christian Gospels). Mark the Evangelist wrote the Gospel of Mark second and used Matthew and the preaching of Peter as sources. Luke the Evangelist wrote the Gospel of Luke and was aware of the two Gospels that preceded him. Unlike some competing hypotheses, this hypothesis does not rely on, nor does it argue for, the existence of any document that is not explicitly mentioned in historical testimony. Instead, the hypothesis draws primarily upon historical testimony, rather than textual criticism, as the central line of evidence. The foundation of evidence for the hypothesis is the writings of the Church Fathers: historical sources dating back to as early as the first half of the 2nd century, which have been held as authoritative by most Christians for nearly two millennia. Adherents to the Augustinian hypothesis view it as a simple, coherent solution to the synoptic problem.
The Augustinian hypothesis addresses certain fundamental points of contention surrounding the synoptic problem, such as how reliable the early Christian tradition is, which gospel was written first, whether there were other unknown sources behind the gospels, to what extent, if any, the gospels were redacted, and to what extent the gospels were altered between the time they were originally written and the time the first surviving manuscripts appear. These and other matters are raised and alternate resolutions proposed by proponents of competing hypotheses, such as the Two-source hypothesis, its related Q hypothesis, the Farrer hypothesis, and others.
The main two areas of contention within the Augustinian community are whether Matthew was originally written in Aramaic using Hebrew script (see Aramaic primacy), or if the Greek text is the original, and whether it was Mark or Luke who wrote second. A modified version of the Augustinian hypothesis, known as the Griesbach hypothesis, agrees that Matthew wrote first and that Mark depended on Matthew, and does not dispute that the original text was in Hebrew thereafter translated into Greek, but argues that Mark also depended on Luke and therefore that Luke’s gospel precedes Mark's. Because of the similarity on primary points of contention, this hypothesis is also treated as a possible amendment to the Augustinian hypothesis.
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The Augustinianhypothesis (sometimes referred to as the Augustinian Proposal) is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the...
Augustinianism is the philosophical and theological system of Augustine of Hippo and its subsequent development by other thinkers, notably Boethius, Anselm...
than Hebrew. Modern versions of the Hebrew gospel hypothesis often overlap with the Augustinianhypothesis. The idea that Matthew wrote a gospel in a language...
either Matthaean priority, under the traditional Augustinianhypothesis or the Griesbach hypothesis, or a fragmentary theory (according to which, stories...
scholars, who have attempted to relaunch the Augustinianhypothesis, the Griesbach hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. In particular, the existence of the Q...
Augustinians are members of several religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, written in about 400 AD by Augustine of Hippo. There are...
Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii). Augustinian friars believe that Augustine of Hippo, first with some friends and afterward...
including the Dominicans, Servites, Mercederians, Norbertines, and Augustinians. In 388, Augustine returned from Milan to his home in Thagaste. He then...
challenges, the two-source hypothesis retains wide support. For centuries, biblical scholars followed the Augustinianhypothesis: that the Gospel of Matthew...
gospel written of the three synoptic gospels. It may refer to: Augustinianhypothesis, that the Gospel of Matthew was written first, Mark was based on...
Western Church Augustinianism Divine command Amillennialism Original sin Invisible church Predestination Incurvatus in se Augustinianhypothesis Just war Augustinian...
three Gospels (the Synoptic Gospels) is now commonly known as the Augustinianhypothesis,: 86–87 which became the consensus view for 1,350 years.: 489 ...
German language), or the Q source. This view, known as the two-source hypothesis (Mark and Q), allows for a further body of tradition known as "Special...
other, but upon a second common source, termed the Q. This two-source hypothesis speculates that Matthew borrowed from both Mark and a hypothetical sayings...
Western Church Augustinianism Divine command Amillennialism Original sin Invisible church Predestination Incurvatus in se Augustinianhypothesis Just war Augustinian...
Western Church Augustinianism Divine command Amillennialism Original sin Invisible church Predestination Incurvatus in se Augustinianhypothesis Just war Augustinian...
the four-source hypothesis, unless Q can be demonstrated to attest the same tradition independently from Mark. (The Augustinianhypothesis posits that Mark...
disciples, and caused a controversy at the Temple. Ever since the Augustinianhypothesis, scholars continue to debate the order in which the gospels were...
thought of Augustine: first, political Augustinianism; second, Augustinian political theology; and third, Augustinian political theory. Thomas Aquinas was...
Western Church Augustinianism Divine command Amillennialism Original sin Invisible church Predestination Incurvatus in se Augustinianhypothesis Just war Augustinian...
of this new tendency, Spitta, remained to some degree within the Augustinianhypothesis. While he identified the spirits in prison with the rebellious angels...
Western Church Augustinianism Divine command Amillennialism Original sin Invisible church Predestination Incurvatus in se Augustinianhypothesis Just war Augustinian...
intent of this article. For further discussion: see "Augustinianhypothesis," "Two-gospel hypothesis," "Jewish-Christian Gospels," "Gospel of Matthew,"...
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