Geotechnical characteristics of a soil related to its water content
The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit.
Depending on its water content, soil may appear in one of four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. In each state, the consistency and behavior of soil are different, and consequently so are its engineering properties. Thus, the boundary between each state can be defined based on a change in the soil's behavior. The Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish between silt and clay and to distinguish between different types of silts and clays. The water content at which soil changes from one state to the other is known as consistency limits, or Atterberg's limit.
These limits were created by Albert Atterberg, a Swedish chemist and agronomist, in 1911.[1] They were later refined by Arthur Casagrande, an Austrian-born American geotechnical engineer and a close collaborator of Karl Terzaghi (both pioneers of soil mechanics).
Distinctions in soils are used in assessing soil which is to have a structure built on them. Soils when wet retain water, and some expand in volume (smectite clay). The amount of expansion is related to the ability of the soil to take in water and its structural make-up (the type of minerals present: clay, silt, or sand). These tests are mainly used on clayey or silty soils since these are the soils which expand and shrink when the moisture content varies. Clays and silts interact with water and thus change sizes and have varying shear strengths. Thus these tests are used widely in the preliminary stages of designing any structure to ensure that the soil will have the correct amount of shear strength and not too much change in volume as it expands and shrinks with different moisture contents.
^"Brief history of Swedish Soil Mechanics". Archived from the original on 2007-03-25. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
The Atterberglimits are a basic measure of the critical water contents of a fine-grained soil: its shrinkage limit, plastic limit, and liquid limit. Depending...
their Atterberglimits; the most commonly used Atterberglimits are the Liquid Limit (denoted by LL or w l {\displaystyle w_{l}} ), Plastic Limit (denoted...
Albert Mauritz Atterberg (19 March 1846 – 4 April 1916) was a Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist who created the Atterberglimits, which are commonly...
Swedish composer and engineer Atterberglimits This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Atterberg. If an internal link led you...
from the earthquake's epicenter, snapping the cables as it passed. Atterberglimits Dry quicksand Earthflow Earthquake engineering Fluidization Liquefaction...
only properties of the soil grains (e.g., grain size distribution, Atterberglimits, compaction characteristic of soil, to determine the general lithology...
on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberglimits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt...
are also adjusted to have approximately the same numeric value within the limits of the scale. Although the mass media commonly reports earthquake magnitudes...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
as "poorly-graded". Silts and clays are distinguished by the soils' Atterberglimits, and thus the soils are separated into "high-plasticity" and "low-plasticity"...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
is good agreement between these definitions in practice. The upper size limit of 1/16 mm or 63 microns corresponds to the smallest particles that can...
by ΔV = ΔhA. Plugging this relationship into the above, and taking the limit as Δt → 0, the differential equation d h d t = − K L h {\displaystyle {\frac...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
evolution during large deformation in spatially variable soils by random limit equilibrium and material point methods". Computers and Geotechnics. 111:...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
particles over 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter, without specifying an upper size limit. Gravel is sometimes distinguished from rubble, which is loose rock particles...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
particle diameters as small as 0.02 mm were considered sand under the Albert Atterberg standard in use during the early 20th century. The grains of sand in Archimedes'...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
test Wave equation analysis Laboratory testing Soil classification Atterberglimits California bearing ratio Direct shear test Hydrometer Proctor compaction...
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