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Camel skin perfume bottles from Kannauj. The bottles are for aging the perfume (the skin breathes, allowing the water to evaporate while holding in the fragrance and oil, becoming a perfume, or attar.)
Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation. The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation.[1] Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are distilled with water. The oils are generally distilled into a wood base such as sandalwood and then aged. The aging period can last from one to ten years depending on the botanicals used and the results desired. Technically attars are distillates of flowers, herbs, spices and other natural materials such as baked soil over sandalwood oil/liquid paraffins using hydrodistillation technique involving a still (deg) and receiving vessel (bhapka). These techniques are still in use at Kannauj in India.[2]
^Essa, Ahmed; Ali, Othman (2010). Studies in Islamic Civilization: The Muslim Contribution to the Renaissance. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 70. ISBN 9781565643505.
^Mansuri, Shaheen (11 May 2015). "How Mumbai's oldest Ittar market is keeping its business alive". rediff.com.
derive the attar of flowers from distillation. Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are distilled...
better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn (فریدالدین) and ʿAṭṭār of Nishapur (عطار نیشاپوری, Attar means apothecary), was an Iranian poet, theoretician of...
Muhammad Ilyas Attar Qadri (born 1950) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar who is the founder of Dawat-e-Islami. He belongs to the Qadri order of Sufism. A...
Sarah Attar (Arabic: سارة عطار; born August 27, 1992) is a Saudi-American track and field athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the...
variety, called Mitti attar. The smell of Mitti attar resembles petrichor, the loamy smell of a first rain. Heena attar and musk attar are winter varieties...
Nelly Attar (Arabic: نيللي عطار) is a Lebanese/Saudi mountaineer who in 2022, became the first Arab woman to summit K2. Nelly is a former psychologist...
Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is the essential oil extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos...
The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar (sometimes written as ...featuring Bachir Attar) are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians,...
Chaim ibn Attar or Ḥayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar (Arabic: حاييم بن موشي بن عطار, Hebrew: חיים בן משה בן עטר; c. 1696 – 7 July 1743) also known as the Or...
Bachir Attar (Arabic: بشير عطار, born 1964) is a Moroccan musician and the leader of The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar. He is the son...
Maqāmāt-uṭ-Ṭuyūr; 1177) is a Persian poem by Sufi poet Farid ud-Din Attar, commonly known as Attar of Nishapur. The title is taken directly from the Qur’an, 27:16...
Sibille Attar (born 27 November 1981 in Örebro, Sweden) is a Swedish singer and songwriter and producer of French origin. She released her self produced...
Dalya Attar (born October 17, 1990) is an American politician who currently serves in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 41 in northwest...
Attar Club de Kidal, better known as simply Attar Club, is a Malian basketball club from Kidal. The team plays in the Ligue 1, the highest national basketball...
started in 2005 with Al Attar Properties as developer. During the construction phase, the building was known as Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower (Arabic: برج...
Asil Attar is an Iraqi businesswoman and former CEO of Damas Jewellery. Asil Attar was born in Baghdad and is from Iraqi, Iranian and Indian heritage...
Attar. Z "Adin Attar" (Persian: ابوالفضل عطار; born September 23, 1968) is an Iranian film director, actor, screenwriter and film editor. Adin Attar was...
Ali Asaad Attar (Arabic: علي أسعد العطار; born 15 May 1980) is a Lebanese former footballer who played as a midfielder or full-back. Attar played in the...
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