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Asteroid mining is the hypothetical extraction of materials from asteroids and other minor planets, including near-Earth objects.[1]
Notable asteroid mining challenges include the high cost of spaceflight, unreliable identification of asteroids which are suitable for mining, and the challenges of extracting usable material in a space environment.
Asteroid sample return research missions, such as Hayabusa, Hayabusa2, and OSIRIS-REx illustrate the challenges of collecting ore from space using current technology. As of 2023, less than 7 grams of asteroid material has been successfully returned to Earth from space.[2] In progress missions promise to increase this amount to approximately 60 grams (two ounces). Asteroid research missions are complex endeavors and return a tiny amount of material (less than 1 milligram Hayabusa, 100 milligrams Hayabusa2, 70 grams OSIRIS-REx) relative to the size and expense of these projects ($300 million Hayabusa, $800 million Hayabusa2, $1.16 billion OSIRIS-REx).[3][4]
The history of asteroid mining is brief but features a gradual development. Ideas of which asteroids to prospect, how to gather resources, and what to do with those resources have evolved over the decades.
^O'Leary, B. (1977-07-22). "Mining the Apollo and Amor Asteroids". Science. 197 (4301): 363–366. Bibcode:1977Sci...197..363O. doi:10.1126/science.197.4301.363. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17797965. S2CID 45597532.
^"The tale of 2 asteroid sample-return missions". cen.acs.org. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
^"Cost of OSIRIS-REx". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
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