Asghar Khan information

Air Marshal
Muhammad Asghar Khan
*Shaheen-i-Pakistan*
Air Marshal Muhammad Asghar Khan Shaheen-i-Pakistan
	Asghar Khan (1921–2018)
President of Pakistan International Airlines
	In office; 20 August 1965 – 30 November 1968
Preceded by	Mirza Ahmad Ispahani
Succeeded by	Air-Mshl. Nur Khan
Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority
	In office; 1965–1968
Commander in Chief of Pakistan Air Force
	In office; 23 July 1957 – 22 July 1965
President	Ayub Khan (1960–65); Iskander Mirza (1956–59)
Deputy	Air-Mshl. Sharbat Changezi; (Deputy Air Cdr-in-C)
Preceded by	AVM Arthur McDonald
Succeeded by	AM. Nur Khan
Chairman of the Solidarity Movement
	In office; 29 June 1970 – 12 December 2011
Preceded by	Party established
Succeeded by	Imran Khan
Personal details
Born	Mohammad Asghar Khan; 17 January 1921; Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, British India; (present day Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Died	5 January 2018 (aged 96); Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Cause of death	Cardiac arrest
Resting place	Abbottabad, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Citizenship	British India; (1921–1947); Pakistan (1947–2018)
Political party	Pakistan Movement For Justice; (2012–2018)
Other political; affiliations	Solidarity Movement; (1970–2012); National Democratic Party; (1964–1970)
Children	Omar Asghar Khan (son); Ali Asghar Khan (son)
Civilian awards	Hilal-e-Pakistan; Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam; Order of Crown; Order of the Crown of Thailand
Nickname(s)	Shaheen-i-Pakistan; Night Flyer
Military service
Allegiance	British India; Pakistan
Branch/service	British Indian Army; Royal Indian Air Force; Pakistan Air Force
Years of service	1939–68
Rank	Air Marshal
Unit	9th Deccan Horse, Armored Corps
Commands	Pakistan Air Force Academy; Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Air AHQ; Peshawar Air Force Base; No. 9 Squadron, RIAF
Battles/wars	World War II First Burma Campaign; Arakan Campaign; Second Burma Campaign; Battle of the Sittang Bend; ; Indo-Pakistani conflict 1959 Canberra shootdown; Operation Desert Hawk; ;
Military awards	Crosses of Aeronautical Merit

Air Marshal Muhammad Asghar Khan (Retd.) (Urdu: اصغر خان 17 January 1921 – 5 January 2018), was a Pakistani politician and an autobiographer, later a dissident serving the cause of pacifism, peace, and human rights.^[3]

Born into a military family, Asghar Khan briefly served as an officer in the Indian Army before being deputed to the Royal Indian Air Force (IAF) as a military adviser in 1941— he was later drafted into the IAF as its commanding officer on the Asian front of World War II.^[4] After the Partition of India In 1947, Khan chose to join the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and later secured promotion as a three star rank air officer when he was appointed in 1957 as Commander-in-chief to command the PAF at the age of 36 – the youngest officer at the command level in the Pakistani military at that time. In 1965, his dissent with General Musa Khan, the Army Commander in Chief, over the Operation Gibraltar area contingency plans, and vetoing decisions to go on the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, eventually led to his replacement with Air Marshal Malik Nur Khan.^[3] Asghar Khan continued to serve with his rank when he was deputed as a Pakistan International Airlines's executive, until retiring in 1968.^[2]

After his retirement from the military in 1968, Asghar Khan founded the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal (Solidarity Party) with a secular and centrist political program in direct opposition to the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), but failed to make any significant impact in the 1970 Pakistani general elections. From the 1970s–90s, Khan's political career focused towards the 'Dharna' or 'politics of agitation', against the elected civilian governments, and gained notability when he filed multiple lawsuits, over the Mehrangate bank scandal, against the PPP and the PML(N) at the Supreme Court of Pakistan in the 1990s.^[5] During this time, Khan authored many political books, some very critical or given dissenting criticism of the Pakistan Army's involvement in national politics.^[6]^[7]

In 2011, Khan merged his party with the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Pakistan Movement for Justice).^[8] Khan died in January 2018 and was buried with full state honours.^[9]

^ Khan, Mohammad Asghar (1969). Pakistan at the cross-roads. Ferozsons. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Naseeruddin., G. (1968). Trade and Industry.
^ ^a ^b Naveed Siddiqui, Dawn.com (5 January 2018). "Air Marshal Asghar Khan passes away in Islamabad". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
^ Cite error: The named reference Pakistan Herald, 14 March 2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Geo News, Mazhar, 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Asghar Khan: India An Imagined Enemy". YouTube. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
^ "Air Marshal Asghar Khan Exposes Pakistan Army From 1947 to 1999". YouTube. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
^ "Reinforcement: Asghar Khan is latest PTI recruit". eTribune. 12 December 2011.
^ "State funeral prayer for Air Marshal Asghar Khan offered in Rawalpindi - BOL News". YouTube. 5 January 2018.

[1] Khan, Mohammad Asghar (1969). Pakistan at the cross-roads. Ferozsons. Retrieved 11 April 2018.

[Trade_and_Industry,_Naseerudin,_1968-2] Naseeruddin., G. (1968). Trade and Industry.

[dawnpw-3] Naveed Siddiqui, Dawn.com (5 January 2018). "Air Marshal Asghar Khan passes away in Islamabad". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 5 January 2018.

[Pakistan_Herald,_14_March_2012-4] Cite error: The named reference Pakistan Herald, 14 March 2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Geo_News,_Mazhar,_2018-5] Cite error: The named reference Geo News, Mazhar, 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] "Asghar Khan: India An Imagined Enemy". YouTube. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

[7] "Air Marshal Asghar Khan Exposes Pakistan Army From 1947 to 1999". YouTube. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2018.

[8] "Reinforcement: Asghar Khan is latest PTI recruit". eTribune. 12 December 2011.

[9] "State funeral prayer for Air Marshal Asghar Khan offered in Rawalpindi - BOL News". YouTube. 5 January 2018.

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Air Marshal Muhammad Asghar Khan Shaheen-i-Pakistan
Asghar Khan (1921–2018)

President of Pakistan International Airlines
In office 20 August 1965 – 30 November 1968
Preceded by	Mirza Ahmad Ispahani
Succeeded by	Air-Mshl. Nur Khan
Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority
In office 1965–1968
Commander in Chief of Pakistan Air Force
In office 23 July 1957 – 22 July 1965
President	Ayub Khan (1960–65) Iskander Mirza (1956–59)
Deputy	Air-Mshl. Sharbat Changezi (Deputy Air Cdr-in-C)
Preceded by	AVM Arthur McDonald
Succeeded by	AM. Nur Khan
Chairman of the Solidarity Movement
In office 29 June 1970 – 12 December 2011
Preceded by	Party established
Succeeded by	Imran Khan

Personal details
Born	Mohammad Asghar Khan (1921-01-17)17 January 1921 Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, British India (present day Jammu and Kashmir, India)
Died	5 January 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 96) Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Cause of death	Cardiac arrest
Resting place	Abbottabad, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Citizenship	British India (1921–1947) Pakistan (1947–2018)
Political party	Pakistan Movement For Justice (2012–2018)
Other political affiliations	Solidarity Movement (1970–2012) National Democratic Party (1964–1970)
Children	Omar Asghar Khan (son) Ali Asghar Khan (son)
Civilian awards	Hilal-e-Pakistan Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam Order of Crown Order of the Crown of Thailand^: vii^[1]
Nickname(s)	Shaheen-i-Pakistan Night Flyer
Military service
Allegiance	British India Pakistan
Branch/service	British Indian Army Royal Indian Air Force Pakistan Air Force
Years of service	1939–68^[2]
Rank	Air Marshal
Unit	9th Deccan Horse, Armored Corps
Commands	Pakistan Air Force Academy Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Air AHQ Peshawar Air Force Base No. 9 Squadron, RIAF
Battles/wars	World War II First Burma Campaign Arakan Campaign Second Burma Campaign Battle of the Sittang Bend Indo-Pakistani conflict 1959 Canberra shootdown Operation Desert Hawk
Military awards	Crosses of Aeronautical Merit