Sri Lankan Shaivism and Tamil language scholar, reformer, revivalist
Arumuka Navalar
ஆறுமுக நாவலர்
Born
Kandharpillai Arumukapillai
18 December 1822 (1822-12-18)
Nallur, Jaffna District, British Ceylon
Died
5 December 1879(1879-12-05) (aged 56)
Jaffna, British Ceylon
Other names
Srila Sri Arumuka Navalar
Sri Arumuka Swamigal
Education
Tamil Pandithar
Occupation
Hindu missionary
Known for
Hindu reformer
Title
Navalar
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Arumuka Navalar (Tamil: ஆறுமுக நாவலர், romanized: Āṟumuka Nāvalar, lit. 'Arumuka the Orator'; 18 December 1822 – 5 December 1879) was a Sri Lankan Shaivite Tamil language scholar and a religious reformer who was central in reviving native Hindu Tamil traditions in Sri Lanka and India.[1]
Navalar's birth name was Nallur Arumuka Pillai.[2] He was born in a Tamil literary family, and became one of the Jaffna Tamils notable for reviving, reforming and reasserting the Hindu Shaivism tradition during the colonial era. As an assistant working for Peter Percival – a Methodist Christian missionary, he helped translate the King James Bible into the Tamil language.he established Hindu schools and published a press in order to publish reading materials for Hindu children to educate them on Hindu religion and also practice and rituals of Hindu religion.[3][2] With his knowledge of Christian theological premises, Navalar became influential in creating a period of intense religious rivalry with Christian missionaries, defending Tamils and their historic religious culture in India and Sri Lanka, preventing large-scale conversions to Christianity.[2][4][5]
He was one of the first natives to use the modern printing press to preserve the Tamil literary tradition. He defended Hindu Shaivism, calling it samaya (Observance, Religion) of "True Being" (sat, soul), and he used the same techniques to counter Christianity that Christian missionaries used against Hinduism.[2] As part of his religious revivalism, in a manner similar to Christian mission schools, he built schools that taught secular and Hindu religious subjects.[2] He is credited with finding and publishing original palm leaf manuscripts. He also attempted to reform Hindu Shaivism and customary practices in Sri Lanka,[6] such as by showing Shaiva Agamas (scriptures) prohibit animal sacrifice and violence of any form.[2]
^Holt, John (13 April 2011). The Sri Lanka Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. p. 460. ISBN 978-0822349822.
^ abcdefDennis Hudson (1996). Raymond Brady Williams (ed.). A Sacred Thread: Modern Transmission of Hindu Traditions in India and Abroad. Columbia University Press. pp. 23–37. ISBN 978-0-231-10779-2.
^Kamil Zvelebil (1974). Tamil Literature. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 235–236 with footnotes. ISBN 978-3-447-01582-0.
^Sugirtharajah 2005.
^Jones & Hudson 1992, pp. 27–35.
^Pillay, Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi (1969). A Social History of the Tamils. University of Madras.
ArumukaNavalar (Tamil: ஆறுமுக நாவலர், romanized: ĀṟumukaNāvalar, lit. 'Arumuka the Orator'; 18 December 1822 – 5 December 1879) was a Sri Lankan Shaivite...
Peter Percival a Saiva scholar, ArumukaNavalar, produced a "tentative" translation, which is known as the "Navalar version," and was largely rejected...
scholars such as ArumukaNavalar (1822–1879), C.W. Damodaram Pillai (1832–1901) and U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar (1855–1942). ArumukaNavalar from Jaffna first...
Arumugam was conferred the title of “Navalar”, the eloquent. In the context of printing, ArumukaNavalar or Arumuga Navalar was an editor of old Tamil texts...
following the Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom, restored by ArumukaNavalar in 1894, was occupied by the Sri Lankan Army in 1983 and bombed by...
Version of Bible into the Tamil language, working with the Tamil scholar ArumukaNavalar – a Shaiva Hindu. Percival's work influenced Robert Bruce Foote. Percival...
Kopay has several scholars because of very strong schooling system. ArumukaNavalar established the school managed by Suwaminathan is famous for this....
with Pujas terminating at the shrine in 1589. Following an appeal by ArumukaNavalar in 1872, the temple was rebuilt at its original site in 1903. Early...
in the Dutch census. Due to the effort of the religious reformer, ArumukaNavalar, the conversion to Christianity of many Hindu Vellalars was prevented...
Society Gopal Baratham (1935–2002), Singaporean writer and neurosurgeon ArumukaNavalar (1822–1879), pioneer of Tamil prose; champion of Hinduism from Jaffna...
Tamil Nadu by National president Jagat Prakash Natta on 8 July 2021. ArumukaNavalar - born as Kandar Arumugam Pillai, a Hindu reformer. Appar - also referred...
of the temple. Northern Province, Sri Lanka Hinduism in Sri Lanka ArumukaNavalar Murugan "BodhiRaja Foundation – News about Buddhism". Notes, Sri Lanka...
American Ceylon Mission, Wesleyan Methodist Mission, Saivite reformer ArumukaNavalar and others. Under British rule, Jaffna enjoyed a period of rapid growth...
consider Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram as important pilgrimage place. ArumukaNavalar, the Hindu reformist from Jaffna established a school there. His ancestor...
co-leader of the Tamil United Liberation Front and Member of Parliament ArumukaNavalar - Hindu reformer and author of books from Jaffna Swami Vipulananda...
social reformers from Sri Lanka of the same period Anagarika Dharmapala ArumukaNavalar Kumaraswamy Pulavar Arumugam, Sanmugam (1996). Dictionary of Biography...
Ambalavana Navalar from Sithankerny joined ArumukaNavalar and got his blessings and started doing his work as a disciple of ArumukaNavalar. During this...
(Kaviñar Kannadasan). நாவலர் (nāvalar) is the Tamil honorific suffix for orators. A notable recipient is ArumukaNavalar. ta:பறை (சொல்விளக்கம்) Dana, Leo...
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