In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Molina and the second or maternal family name is Barraza.
Arturo Armando Molina
33rd President of El Salvador
In office 1 July 1972 – 1 July 1977
Vice President
Enrique Mayorga Rivas
Preceded by
Fidel Sánchez Hernández
Succeeded by
Carlos Humberto Romero
Personal details
Born
(1927-08-06)6 August 1927 San Salvador, El Salvador
Died
18 July 2021(2021-07-18) (aged 93) California, United States
Political party
National Conciliation Party
Spouse
María Elena Contreras de Molina
Alma mater
Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School
Profession
Military officer Politician
Military service
Allegiance
El Salvador
Branch/service
Salvadoran Army
Rank
Colonel
Colonel Arturo Armando Molina Barraza (6 August 1927 – 18 July 2021)[1] was a Salvadoran politician and military officer, who served as President of El Salvador from 1972 to 1977.
He was born in San Salvador.[2] He served between 1 July 1972 and 1 July 1977.[3] The 1973 oil crisis led to rising food prices and decreased agricultural output. This worsened the existent socioeconomic inequality in the country, leading to increased unrest. In response, Molina enacted a series of land reform measures, calling for large landholdings to be redistributed among the peasant population.[4]
Molina was distrusted by the oligarchy and the right-wing military, and was resented by the opposition from whom he had stolen power. His attempts to silence opposition included the military occupation of the University of El Salvador in 1972, as well as violently suppressing student protests that erupted after public funds were used to hold the Miss Universe contest in San Salvador. He also oversaw assassinations of priests in the country. His regime saw extreme polarization and violence in the country. His tenure ended in 1977, and then he left the country. Molina returned to El Salvador in 1992.[5]
He died on 18 July 2021 in California, at the age of 93.[6][7]
^Studies, Arizona State University Center for Latin American (4 August 1975). "Latin American Government Leaders". Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University – via Google Books.
^"Una veintena hizo carrera como funcionario". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012.
^"Cnel. Arturo Armando Molina — Asamblea Legislativa". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
^Walter, Williams (1997). Militarization and Demilitarization in El Salvador’s Transition to Democracy. p. 90.
^Alvarado, Irvin (19 July 2023). "Fallece expresidente salvadoreño Arturo Armando Molina, a los 93 años" [Ex-President of El Salvador Arturo Armando Molina Dies At The Age of 93]. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.
^Villaroel, Gabriela; Romero, Óscar (19 July 2021). "Muere Arturo Armando Molina, expresidente de El Salvador" [Arturo Armando Molina, Ex-President of El Salvador, Dies]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2023.
and 21 Related for: Arturo Armando Molina information
Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina Barraza (6 August 1927 – 18 July 2021) was a Salvadoran politician and military officer, who served as President of El Salvador...
government of Fidel Sánchez Hernández, prevent the presidency of ArturoArmandoMolina, and proclaim José Napoleón Duarte as President of El Salvador....
American Defense Council. On 1 July 1972, Salvadoran President ArturoArmandoMolina appointed Romero to serve as Minister of Defense and Public Security...
number of student demonstrators was led by then-President Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina and General Carlos Humberto Romero and took place in San Salvador...
"Presidentes de El Salvador - Coronel ArturoArmandoMolina" [Presidents of El Salvador - Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina]. Presidente Elías Antonio Saca El...
Official results showed a victory for the military-backed candidate, ArturoArmandoMolina, though the fairness of the election was widely disputed. He returned...
"Presidentes de El Salvador – Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina" [Presidents of El Salvador – Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina]. casapres.gob (in Spanish). Archived...
in El Salvador on 20 February 1972. The result was a victory for ArturoArmandoMolina of the Party of National Conciliation (PCN), who received 43% of...
ex-minister of interior, Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina, in an election that was widely viewed as fraudulent; Molina was declared the winner even though...
dead three weeks after he had been kidnapped. Salvadoran President ArturoArmandoMolina had refused to negotiate with Borgonovo's kidnappers, who had demanded...
result was canceled and the Legislative Assembly voted PCN candidate ArturoArmandoMolina as president. Other, less political groups which appeared included...
was built on the initiative and request of then-President Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina.[citation needed] Funding for this project was provided through...
Conciliation Party (PCN), whose candidate ArturoArmandoMolina was a colonel in the Salvadoran Army. Opposition to the Molina government was strong on both the...
It was built in 1974, on orders of then president of El Salvador ArturoArmandoMolina. The stadium is named after Antonio Toledo Valle, a native footballer...
uprisings took place. On July 19, 1972, the government of Colonel ArturoArmandoMolina intervened at the university to suppress the student uprising with...
Provincial office all headed to El Paisnal. At 7:00 p.m., President ArturoArmandoMolina called Romero to offer his condolences, promising a thorough investigation;...
Barinas (1992–2001). Jenny Lynn, 49, American bodybuilder, seizure. ArturoArmandoMolina, 93, Salvadoran politician and military officer, president (1972–1977)...
August 4, 1972, by the newly elected government of former President ArturoArmandoMolina who had discussed the project as part of his government's platform...
Global Information
El Salvador