Device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy
Artificial womb
Figure from a 2017 Nature Communications paper describing an extra-uterine life support system, or "biobag", used to grow lamb fetuses.[1]
An artificial womb or artificial uterus is a device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy,[2] by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, would have many applications. It could be used to assist male or female couples in the development of a fetus.[2] This can potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy.[2] In this sense, it can be regarded as a neonatal incubator with very extended functions. It could also be used for the initiation of fetal development.[2] An artificial uterus could also help make fetal surgery procedures at an early stage an option instead of having to postpone them until term of pregnancy.[2]
In 2016, scientists published two studies regarding human embryos developing for thirteen days within an ecto-uterine environment.[3][4] In 2017, fetal researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a study showing they had grown premature lamb fetuses for four weeks in an extra-uterine life support system.[1][5][6] A 14-day rule prevents human embryos from being kept in artificial wombs longer than 14 days; this rule has been codified into law in twelve countries.[7] In 2021, The Washington Post reported that "the International Society for Stem Cell Research relaxed a historical '14-day rule' that said researchers could grow natural embryos for only 14 days in the laboratory, allowing researchers to seek approval for longer studies. Human embryo models are banned from being implanted into a uterus."[8]
^ abPartridge, Emily A.; Davey, Marcus G.; Hornick, Matthew A.; McGovern, Patrick E.; Mejaddam, Ali Y.; Vrecenak, Jesse D.; Mesas-Burgos, Carmen; Olive, Aliza; Caskey, Robert C.; Weiland, Theodore R.; Han, Jiancheng; Schupper, Alexander J.; Connelly, James T.; Dysart, Kevin C.; Rychik, Jack; Hedrick, Holly L.; Peranteau, William H.; Flake, Alan W. (25 April 2017). "An extra-uterine system to physiologically support the extreme premature lamb". Nature Communications. 8: 15112. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815112P. doi:10.1038/ncomms15112. PMC 5414058. PMID 28440792. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ abcdeBulletti, C.; Palagiano, A.; Pace, C.; Cerni, A.; Borini, A.; De Ziegler, D. (2011). "The artificial womb". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1221 (1): 124–128. Bibcode:2011NYASA1221..124B. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05999.x. PMID 21401640. S2CID 30872357.
^Shahbazi, Marta N.; Jedrusik, Agnieszka; Vuoristo, Sanna; Recher, Gaelle; Hupalowska, Anna; Bolton, Virginia; Fogarty, Norah M. E.; Campbell, Alison; Devito, Liani G.; Ilic, Dusko; Khalaf, Yakoub; Niakan, Kathy K.; Fishel, Simon; Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena (4 May 2016). "Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues". Nature Cell Biology. 18 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 700–708. doi:10.1038/ncb3347. ISSN 1465-7392. PMC 5049689. PMID 27144686.
^Deglincerti, Alessia; Croft, Gist F.; Pietila, Lauren N.; Zernicka-Goetz, Magdalena; Siggia, Eric D.; Brivanlou, Ali H. (4 May 2016). "Self-organization of the in vitro attached human embryo". Nature. 533 (7602). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 251–254. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..251D. doi:10.1038/nature17948. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 27144363. S2CID 4461915.
^Philadelphia, The Children's Hospital of (28 February 2017). "A Unique Womb-Like Device Could Reduce Mortality and Disability for Extremely Premature Babies". www.chop.edu.
^"Scientists Create Artificial Womb That Could Help Prematurely Born Babies". NPR.org.
^Morber, Jenny (26 April 2017). "Should We Study Human Embryos Beyond 14 Days?". PBS Socal. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
^Johnson, Carolyn Y. (1 August 2022). "Scientists create synthetic mouse embryos, a potential key to healing humans". The Washington Post.
An artificialwomb or artificial uterus is a device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy, by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism...
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the goddess Yogamaya and had her transfer the fetus from the womb of Devaki to the womb of Rohini (Vasudeva's other wife who lived with her sister Yashoda...
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Adrian, and Tuesday watch Monday's and Adrian's twins develop in an artificialwomb. Now able to have their own identities, Tuesday decides to rename herself...
transplantation. The embryos grew in vitro and subsequently ex utero in an artificialwomb published the year before by the Hanna team in Nature, and was used...
of a child. However, such a procedure would additionally require an artificialwomb or a female gestational carrier. In 2023, male eggs from male mice...
unknown to Batman. Damian was genetically perfected and grown in an artificialwomb to be the perfect warrior. He is raised by his mother Talia al Ghul...
of Serenity. In truth, Gruier wants to search the ship to find the ArtificialWomb room, a lab that genetically creates and births children for the Serenity...
Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through...
Artificial cranial deformation Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which...
Bujold's Ethan of Athos features an all-male society in which men use artificialwombs, but experience many of the psychological effects of pregnancy (anticipation...
necessarily in the womb. It has no known natural occurrence, but can be achieved artificially by transfer of embryos of one species into the womb of another....
The uterus (from Latin uterus, pl.: uteri) or womb (/wuːm/) is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates...
Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014. "ArtificialWomb and the Human Society: When Science Will Create New Grow-Homes for...
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innovative services of the Womb Center, a subsidiary of Pegazus, should Rachel choose to embrace this opportunity. The Womb Center itself stands as a cutting-edge...
New York: Oxford University Press. Moran, Rosalind (3 April 2023). "ArtificialWombs Will Change Abortion Rights Forever". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived...
2000. p. 33. Toh, S. (September 6, 1990). "NUH scores a first with artificialwomb pregnancy". The Straits Times. p. 1. Official website National University...
forced to order ELEUTHIA, a sub-function tasked with maintaining the artificialwombs, to clone Elisabet using DNA stored for the defunct "Lightkeeper Protocol"...
wilderness with an AutoReiv, their home appeared to be the ruins of an artificialwomb system, so there may have been a city there at one point. This Proxy...
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