Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica information
Clause abolishing the permanent army
Memorial plaque of the Article in the National Museum
The Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica abolishes Costa Rica's army as a permanent institution, making Costa Rica one of the first countries in the world to do so as the current Constitution was enacted in 1949.[1] Costa Rica is one of the few countries without armed forces and, alongside Panama, one of the few that is not a microstate. However, like Panama, Costa Rica does have limited military capacities with its Public Forces which have both police and defense functions and had taken part in military operations since 1949.[2]
Contrary to popular belief, the article does not really completely abolish the army, it only establishes that the army cannot be a permanent standing organization[3] The article does establish that Costa Rica may create an army for national defense or for international cooperation, but also clarifies that it will always be submitted to civilian authority.[3]
The date of the abolition of the army is celebrated in Costa Rica as a national holiday.[4][5]
^Segura, Wendy. "La Abolición del Ejército en Costa Rica, Apuntes". www.museocostarica.go.cr (in European Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2018.
^"Air Advisors conduct first-ever BPC mission in Costa Rica". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
^ ab"Costa Rica Constitution in English". CostaRicanLaw.com. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
^Zárate, Clara. "Día Abolición del Ejército, 1º diciembre" (PDF). Día Abolición del Ejército, 1º diciembre.
^"Decreto obliga a escuelas y colegios a celebrar la abolición del ejército | AmeliaRueda.com". AmeliaRueda.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2018.
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