The Artemis Accords: Principles for Cooperation in the Civil Exploration and Use of the Moon, Mars, Comets, and Asteroids for Peaceful Purposes
Participation in the Artemis Accords (June 2024)
Signatory nation
Type
Space law
Signed
13 October 2020; 3 years ago (13 October 2020)
Parties
43
Languages
English
Full text
Artemis Accords at Wikisource
The Artemis Accords is a series of non-binding multilateral arrangements[1] between the United States government and other world governments that elaborates on the norms expected to be followed in outer space.[2] The accords are related to the Artemis program, an American-led effort to return humans to the Moon by 2026, with the ultimate goal of expanding space exploration to Mars and beyond.[3]
As of 12 June 2024 (15 days ago) (2024-06-12), with the accession of Armenia, 43 countries have signed the accords, including twenty-one in Europe, eight in Asia, six in South America, three in North America, three in Africa, and two in Oceania.
Drafted by NASA and the U.S. Department of State, the Accords establish a framework for cooperation in the civil exploration and peaceful use of the Moon, Mars, and other astronomical objects.[4] They are explicitly grounded in the United Nations Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which signatories are obliged to uphold, and cite most major U.N.-brokered conventions constituting space law.[5][6][7][8][note 1]
The Accords were originally signed on 13 October 2020 by representatives of the national space agencies of eight countries: Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[5] The Accords remain open for signature indefinitely, as NASA anticipates more nations joining.[9] Additional signatories can choose to directly participate in Artemis program activities, or may agree simply to commit to the principles for responsible exploration of the Moon as set out in the Accords.[10]
^Foust, Jeff (13 October 2020). "Eight countries sign Artemis Accords". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^"Artemis Accords - NASA". Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
^Dunbar, Brian (23 July 2019). "What is Artemis?". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"NASA: Artemis Accords". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^ abPotter, Sean (13 October 2020). "NASA, International Partners Advance Cooperation with Artemis Accords". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^"Fact Sheet: Artemis Accords - United for Peaceful Exploration of Deep Space". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Brazil. 20 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
^Newman, Christopher (19 October 2020). "Artemis Accords: why many countries are refusing to sign Moon exploration agreement". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
^"The Artemis Accords and the Future of International Space Law". ASIL. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
^"NASA, International Partners Advance Cooperation with First Signings of Artemis Accords". NASA. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Additional countries will join the Artemis Accords in the months and years ahead, as NASA continues to work with its international partners to establish a safe, peaceful, and prosperous future in space. Working with emerging space agencies, as well as existing partners and well-established space agencies, will add new energy and capabilities to ensure the entire world can benefit from the Artemis journey of exploration and discovery.
^Howell, Elizabeth (25 August 2022). "Artemis Accords: Why the international moon exploration framework matters". Space.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
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The ArtemisAccords is a series of non-binding multilateral arrangements between the United States government and other world governments that elaborates...
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capabilities. Since 2020, countries have joined the U.S. in their ArtemisAccords, which are challenging the treaty. The U.S. has furthermore emphasized...
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330,000 satellites. In 2022, its CEO, Col. Francis Ngabo, signed the ArtemisAccords on the norms for space exploration and use of astronomical objects...
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US-Led Artemis & China's ILRS". Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News. Retrieved 2024-05-05. "The Space Review: The ArtemisAccords: repeating...
set to be a collaborative effort, initially amongst members of the ArtemisAccords, but will be meant to apply globally. The initial proposal of the standard...
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led the creation of a series of bilateral agreements known as the ArtemisAccords that seek to clarify a number of issue related to the Outer Space Treaty...
which the MBRSC is located, was among the initial signatories of the ArtemisAccords. Soon after the contract was announced, design work began. As part...
to be the first authorized artwork on the moon, protected under the ArtemisAccords. Koons acted as curator of an Ed Paschke exhibition at Gagosian Gallery...
needed Chinese Lunar Exploration Program Luna-Glob Moonbase Artemis program ArtemisAccords "Azerbaijan joins international lunar research station program"...
way under international law. They are addressed in Section 9 of the ArtemisAccords which includes an agreement to preserve outer space heritage, which...
Moon Treaty, but is currently developed multilaterally as with the ArtemisAccords. The only habitation on a different celestial body so far have been...
capabilities in lunar exploration, potentially with the co-operation of all Artemisaccords signatories. In an Interview ISRO chairman S Somanath has informed...
good. March 2023 - Resolved: The Republic of India should sign the ArtemisAccords. April 2023 - Resolved: The United States Federal Government should...
partner in UAE The United Arab Emirates is a founding member of the ArtemisAccords". Condé Nast. Ars Technica. "Russia skeptical about participating in...
Russia, China Almost Ready To Ink Pact On 'Moon Base' That Will Rival ArtemisAccords - Rogozin". Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News. 1 June...
Szaniawski, a position he holds to date. In October 2021 Wrochna signed the ArtemisAccords with NASA Deputy Administrator Pamela Melroy at the International Astronautical...
"Satellites of South Korea". space.skyrocket.de. "South Korea signs ArtemisAccords; Brazil, New Zealand likely next". www.spacenews.com. 27 May 2021....
Global Information
Artemis Accords at Wikisource