"Paleolithic art" redirects here. For disputed claims of earlier artistic expression, see Art of the Middle Paleolithic.
The art of the Upper Paleolithic represents the oldest form of prehistoric art. Figurative art is present in Europe and Southeast Asia, beginning between about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago.[1] Non-figurative cave paintings, consisting of hand stencils and simple geometric shapes, are somewhat older, at least 40,000 years old, and possibly as old as 64,000 years. This latter estimate is due to a controversial 2018 study based on uranium-thorium dating, which would imply Neanderthal authorship and qualify as art of the Middle Paleolithic.[2]
The emergence of figurative art has been interpreted as reflecting the emergence of full behavioral modernity, and is part of the defining characteristics separating the Upper Paleolithic from the Middle Paleolithic.[3][4] The discovery of cave art of comparable age to the oldest European samples in Indonesia has established that similar artistic traditions existed both in eastern and in western Eurasia 40,000 years ago. This has been taken to suggest an artistic tradition dating to more than 50,000 years ago, spread along the southern coast of Eurasia in the original coastal migration movement.[1] In 2018, the discovery of a figurative painting of an unknown animal was announced; it was over 40,000 years old, and was found in a cave on the Indonesian island of Borneo.[5][6] In July 2021, scientists reported the discovery of a bone carving, one of the world's oldest works of art, made by Neanderthals about 51,000 years ago.[7][8]
European Upper Paleolithic art is known informally as "Ice Age art", in reference to the last glacial period.[9]
^ abM. Aubert et al. (2014): "two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. [...] Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ~40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."
^D. L. Hoffmann; C. D. Standish; M. García-Diez; P. B. Pettitt; J. A. Milton; J. Zilhão; J. J. Alcolea-González; P. Cantalejo-Duarte; H. Collado; R. de Balbín; M. Lorblanchet; J. Ramos-Muñoz; G.-Ch. Weniger; A. W. G. Pike (2018). "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art". Science. 359 (6378): 912–915. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..912H. doi:10.1126/science.aap7778. hdl:10498/21578. PMID 29472483.
"we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."
^Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2002). "The Upper Paleolithic Revolution". Annual Review of Anthropology. 31: 363–393. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085416.
^"Mind: What archaeology can tell us about the origins of human cognition". Vub.ac.be. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference NYT-20181107-cz was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference NAT-20181107 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Feehly, Conor (6 July 2021). "Beautiful Bone Carving From 51,000 Years Ago Is Changing Our View of Neanderthals". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
^Leder, Dirk; et al. (5 July 2021). "A 51,000-year-old engraved bone reveals Neanderthals' capacity for symbolic behaviour". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 594 (9): 1273–1282. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5.1273L. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01487-z. PMID 34226702. S2CID 235746596. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
^The term is attributed to Björn Kurtén: "as we look at Ice Age art, there will always remain an element of mystery and elusive" (B. S. John, The ice age: past and present, 1977, p. 220).
and 25 Related for: Art of the Upper Paleolithic information
TheartoftheUpperPaleolithic represents the oldest form of prehistoric art. Figurative art is present in Europe and Southeast Asia, beginning between...
the Upper Paleolithic). Together with religion and other cultural universals of contemporary human societies, the emergence of figurative art is a necessary...
The Initial UpperPaleolithic (also IUP, c. 50,000-40,000 BP) covers the first stage oftheUpperPaleolithic, during which modern human populations expanded...
Upper Paleolithic, Artofthe Middle Paleolithic, and Category:Prehistoric art and its many sub-categories. The oldest undisputed figurative art appears...
believe unmistakably religious behavior emerged by theUpperPaleolithic, before 30,000 years ago at the latest, but behavioral patterns such as burial rites...
España) is a grouping of 18 caves of northern Spain, which together represent the apogee ofUpperPaleolithic cave art in Europe between 35,000 and 11,000...
Museum ofArt. Retrieved 11 May 2013. Pettitt, Paul (1 November 2008). "Art and the Middle-to-UpperPaleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological...
excavations, several flutes that date to the European UpperPaleolithic were discovered in caves in the Swabian Alb region of Germany. Dated and tested independently...
ago in theUpperPaleolithic era, although it is quite possible that it began earlier. In September 2018, scientists reported the discovery ofthe earliest...
The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision ofthePaleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and...
horses). They have been found at Aurignacian and Magdalenian sites oftheUpperPaleolithic in Europe, with examples dating from 23–12,000 years ago. They...
regarding the mobility of ancient populations. ArtoftheUpperPaleolithic List of Stone Age art History of nude art Antl-Weiser, Walpurga (2009). "The time...
red ochre were discovered in the Skhul cave at Qafzeh, Israel with a variety of grave goods. During theUpperPaleolithic Revolution, advancements in human...
petroglyphs (rock art) are approximately 4,000 to 6,000 years old and belong to the Neolithic Period. More than 100 distinct figures, spread an area of 500 sqm...
Derbyshire. It is the only piece ofUpperPaleolithic portable art showing an animal to have been found in Britain. It is now in the British Museum, but...
the film has a weighted average score of 86 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". List of Stone Age artArtoftheUpper Paleolithic...
theories on the evolution of behavioral modernity. These approaches tend to fall into two camps: cognitive and gradualist. The Later UpperPaleolithic Model...
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision ofthePaleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million...
The Gravettian was an archaeological industry ofthe European UpperPaleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP. It is archaeologically...
Floss, European UpperPaleolithicart: a cultural heritage of Outstanding Universal Value. In De Sanz, Nuria, Human origin sites and the World Heritage...
draughtsman. Drawing and painting go back tens of thousands of years. ArtoftheUpperPaleolithic includes figurative art beginning between about 40,000 to 35...
understandings. Art of the UpperPaleolithic List of Stone Age art Venus of Hradok a.s, Slovesnká pošta. "POFIS - Catalog - Products - Art - Venus of Moravany". www...
prehistoric carving from theUpperPaleolithic, found at Abri de la Madeleine near Tursac in Dordogne, France, the type-site ofthe Magdalenian culture, which...