Armillaria gallica (synonymous with A. bulbosa and A. lutea) is a species of honey mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae of the order Agaricales. The species is a common and ecologically important wood-decay fungus that can live as a saprobe, or as an opportunistic parasite in weakened tree hosts to cause root or butt rot. It is found in temperate regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. The species forms fruit bodies singly or in groups in soil or rotting wood. The fungus has been inadvertently introduced to South Africa. Armillaria gallica has had a confusing taxonomy, due in part to historical difficulties encountered in distinguishing between similar Armillaria species. The fungus received international attention in the early 1990s when an individual colony living in a Michigan forest was reported to cover an area of 15 hectares (37 acres), weigh at least 9.5 tonnes (9,500 kg; 21,000 lb), and be 1,500 years old. This individual is popularly known as the "humongous fungus", and is a tourist attraction and inspiration for an annual mushroom-themed festival in Crystal Falls. Recent studies have revised the fungus's age to 2,500 years and its size to about 400 tonnes (400,000 kg; 880,000 lb), four times the original estimate.[1]
Armillaria gallica is a largely subterranean fungus, and it produces fruit bodies that are up to about 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, yellow-brown, and covered with small scales. On the underside of the caps are gills that are white to creamy or pale orange. The stem may be up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long, with a white cobwebby ring that divides the color of the stem into pale orange to brown above, and lighter-colored below. The fungus can develop an extensive system of underground root-like structures, called rhizomorphs, that help it to efficiently decompose dead wood in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. It has been the subject of considerable scientific research due to its importance as a plant pathogen, its ability to bioluminesce, its unusual life cycle, and its ability to form large and long-lived colonies.
^Daley J (15 October 2018). "This Humongous Fungus Is as Massive as Three Blue Whales". Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
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Armillariagallica (synonymous with A. bulbosa and A. lutea) is a species of honey mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae of the order Agaricales. The...
(Vahl.:Fries) Kummer VII Armillariagallica (Marxmüller & Romagn.) IX Armillaria nabsnona T. J. Volk & Burds. (1996) X Armillaria altimontana Brazee, B....
Some Armillaria species form mycorrhizae with orchids; others, such as A. gallica, A. mellea, and A. tabescens, are bioluminescent. Armillaria species...
Armillaria ostoyae (synonym Armillaria solidipes) is a species of fungus (mushroom), pathogenic to trees, in the family Physalacriaceae. In the western...
compared to Armillaria mellea and Armillariagallica. The fruiting bodies can be seen even earlier if the season has been exceptionally wet. Armillaria tabescens...
S2CID 21001720. Mihail JD, Bruhn JN (2007). "Dynamics of bioluminescence by Armillariagallica, A. mellea and A. tabescens" (PDF). Mycologia. 99 (3): 341–350. doi:10...
223–241. doi:10.1002/9780470344484.ch16. ISBN 978-0-470-34448-4. "Armillariagallica, the humongous fungus humungus. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for...
refer to: An Armillaria ostoyae specimen in Malheur National Forest in Oregon, covering 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2) An Armillariagallica specimen in Michigan...
Armillaria calvescens is a species of mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. Similar in appearance to Armillariagallica, this species is often found...
oldest individual organisms on earth: the mycelium of one individual Armillariagallica has been estimated to extend over 15 hectares (37 acres) with a mass...
litter, whereas Armillaria generally only fruits on wood. Both versions of the entoloma have also been observed when there are no Armillaria fruiting.[citation...
(Leptosphaeria coniothyrium). Diseases of the root zone include honey fungus (Armillaria spp.), verticillium wilt, and various species of phytophthora. Fungal...
and oxygen availability on rhizomorph generation by Armillaria tabescens in comparison with A. gallica and A. mellea". Mycological Research. 106 (6): 697–704...
industry. In 1995 Wingfield studied various species of Armillaria, especially A. cepistipes, A. gallica, A. mellea, and A. tabescens in Europe and North America...
bodies belong to polypores, individual organisms belonging to certain Armillaria species can grow extremely large. In 2003, a large specimen of A. solidipes...
the Oxnard population. Armillaria Root Rot of peach is primarily caused by Armillaria mellea and A. solidipes here. A. gallica and A. mexicana are not...
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