Governments' recognition of the Ottoman empire's mass killing of Armenians as genocide
Armenian genocide recognition is the formal acceptance that the systematic massacres and forced deportation of Armenians committed by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923, during and after the First World War, constituted genocide.
Most historians outside Turkey recognize the fact that the Ottoman persecution of Armenians was a genocide.[1][2][3] However, despite the recognition of the genocidal character of the massacre of Armenians in scholarship as well as in civil society, some governments have been reticent to officially acknowledge the killings as genocide because of political concerns about their relations with the government of Turkey.[4]
As of 2023[update], governments and parliaments of 34 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Sweden and the United States, have formally recognized the Armenian genocide. Three countries — Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Pakistan — deny that there was an Armenian genocide.
^Academic consensus:
Bloxham, Donald (2003). "Determinants of the Armenian Genocide". Looking Backward, Moving Forward. Routledge. pp. 23–50. doi:10.4324/9780203786994-3. ISBN 978-0-203-78699-4. Despite growing scholarly consensus on the fact of the Armenian Genocide...
Suny, Ronald Grigor (2009). "Truth in Telling: Reconciling Realities in the Genocide of the Ottoman Armenians". The American Historical Review. 114 (4): 930–946 [935]. doi:10.1086/ahr.114.4.930. Overwhelmingly, since 2000, publications by non-Armenian academic historians, political scientists, and sociologists... have seen 1915 as one of the classic cases of ethnic cleansing and genocide. And, even more significantly, they have been joined by a number of scholars in Turkey or of Turkish ancestry...
Göçek, Fatma Müge (2015). Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009. Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-933420-9. The Western scholarly community is almost in full agreement that what happened to the forcefully deported Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915 was genocide...
Smith, Roger W. (2015). "Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks". Genocide Studies International. 9 (1): 5. doi:10.3138/gsi.9.1.01. S2CID 154145301. Virtually all American scholars recognize the [Armenian] genocide...
Laycock, Jo (2016). "The great catastrophe". Patterns of Prejudice. 50 (3): 311–313. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2016.1195548. S2CID 147933878. ... important developments in the historical research on the genocide over the last fifteen years... have left no room for doubt that the treatment of the Ottoman Armenians constituted genocide according to the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide.
Kasbarian, Sossie; Öktem, Kerem (2016). "One hundred years later: the personal, the political and the historical in four new books on the Armenian Genocide". Caucasus Survey. 4 (1): 92–104. doi:10.1080/23761199.2015.1129787. S2CID 155453676. ... the denialist position has been largely discredited in the international academy. Recent scholarship has overwhelmingly validated the Armenian Genocide...
"Taner Akçam: Türkiye'nin, soykırım konusunda her bakımdan izole olduğunu söyleyebiliriz". CivilNet (in Turkish). July 9, 2020. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
^Loytomaki, Stiina (2014). Law and the Politics of Memory: Confronting the Past. Routledge. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-136-00736-1. To date, more than 20 countries in the world have officially recognized the events as genocide and most historians and genocide scholars accept this view.
^Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009). Genocide and international justice. New York: Facts On File. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8160-7310-8.
^Öktem, Emre (2011). "Turkey: Successor or Continuing State of the Ottoman Empire?". Leiden Journal of International Law. 24 (3). Cambridge University Press: 561–583. doi:10.1017/S0922156511000252. S2CID 145773201.
and 21 Related for: Armenian genocide recognition information
Armeniangenociderecognition is the formal acceptance that the systematic massacres and forced deportation of Armenians committed by the Ottoman Empire...
Armeniangenocide denial is the claim that the Ottoman Empire and its ruling party, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), did not commit genocide...
United States' recognition of the Armeniangenocide is the American formal recognition that the deportation and massacre of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire...
There is a recognition by several groups of Kurds of the participation of their ancestors in the Armeniangenocide during World War I. Some Kurdish tribes...
the Armeniangenocide is different in English, Turkish, and Armenian languages and has led to political controversies around the issue of Armenian genocide...
for Armeniangenociderecognition) began to press for a similar formal acknowledgement. In parallel with the political campaign, Armeniangenocide research...
The Armeniangenocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling...
the Armeniangenocide, and is commonly known as Red Sunday, which saw the deportation and execution of many Armenian intellectuals. ArmenianGenocide Remembrance...
The relationship between the Armeniangenocide and the Holocaust has been discussed by scholars. The majority of scholars believe that there is a direct...
The issue of Armeniangenocide reparations derives from the Armeniangenocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire. Such reparations might be of financial...
majority leader Richard A. Gephardt (D-Mo.), who had urged recognition of the Armeniangenocide when he was in Congress. Public-relations firm Fleishman-Hillard...
most strident critics of Omar al-Bashir. Clooney supports recognition of the Armeniangenocide. He is one of the chief associates of the 100 Lives Initiative...
with Armenian Chile Sassounian, Harut (16 June 2007). "Chile Proves GenocideRecognition is Based on Truth, Not Lobbying". Vol. 73, no. 24. Armenian Weekly...
Retrieved April 28, 2016. "Kim Kardashian calls for recognition of ArmenianGenocide". Public Radio of Armenia. April 25, 2016. Archived from the original on...
imposed a law in 2009 that criminalised recognition of the killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915 as a genocide; a move France's Constitutional Court...
statements for Turkey to recognize the Armeniangenocide.In November 2014, she presented the ArmenianGenocideRecognition Bill in the Turkish parliament, urging...
expanding in the latter 20th century and beyond. Most Armenian Canadians are descendants of Armeniangenocide survivors from the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon...
with the European Friends of Armenia organization. The EAFJD's activities also aim at the recognition of the Armeniangenocide by Turkey and reparations...
United Armenia (Armenian: Միացեալ Հայաստան, romanized: Miats'eal Hayastan), also known as Greater Armenia or Great Armenia, is an Armenian ethno-nationalist...
at the time of the genocide. Armeniangenocide survivors Press coverage of the ArmeniangenocideRecognition of the Armeniangenocide ^note The list excludes...