Curved structure that spans a space and may support a load
This article is about the architectural construct. For other uses of arch or arches, see Arch (disambiguation).
"False arch" redirects here. For an arch-like construction that uses offsetting of the stones or bricks, "corbelling", to close the span, see Corbel arch.
Gateway Arch
An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it.[1] Arch can either support the load above it or perform a purely decorative role.[2] The arch dates back to fourth millennium BC, but became popular only after its adoption by the Romans in the 4th century BC.[3]
Arch-like structures can be horizontal, like an arch dam that withstands the horizontal hydrostatic pressure load.[4] Arches are normally used as supports for many types of vaults, with the barrel vault in particular being a continuous arch.[5] Extensive use of arches and vaults characterizes an arcuated construction, as opposed to the trabeated system, where, like in the architectures of ancient Greece, China, and Japan (as well as the modern steel-framed technique), posts and beams dominate.[6]
Arches had several advantages over the lintel, especially in the masonry construction: with the same amount of material it can have larger span, carry more weight, and can be made from smaller and thus more manageable pieces.[7] Their role in construction was diminished in the middle of the 19th century with introduction of the wrought iron (and later steel): the high tensile strength of these new materials made long lintels possible.
^Gorse, Johnston & Pritchard 2020, arch.
^Woodman & Bloom 2003.
^Woodman & Bloom 2003, History.
^Gorse, Johnston & Pritchard 2020, arch dam.
^Clarke & Clarke 2010, vault.
^Lyttleton 2003.
^Cite error: The named reference britannica was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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