Arc measurement,[1] sometimes degree measurement[2] (German: Gradmessung),[3] is the astrogeodetic technique of determining the radius of Earth – more specifically, the local Earth radius of curvature of the figure of the Earth – by relating the latitude difference (sometimes also the longitude difference) and the geographic distance (arc length) surveyed between two locations on Earth's surface. The most common variant involves only astronomical latitudes and the meridian arc length and is called meridian arc measurement; other variants may involve only astronomical longitude (parallel arc measurement) or both geographic coordinates (oblique arc measurement).[1]
Arc measurement campaigns in Europe were the precursors to the International Association of Geodesy (IAG).[4]
^ abTorge, W.; Müller, J. (2012). Geodesy. De Gruyter Textbook. De Gruyter. p. 5. ISBN 978-3-11-025000-8. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
^Jordan, W., & Eggert, O. (1962). Jordan's Handbook of Geodesy, Vol. 1. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35314
^Torge, W. (2008). Geodäsie. De Gruyter Lehrbuch (in German). De Gruyter. p. 5. ISBN 978-3-11-019817-1. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
^Torge, Wolfgang (2015). "From a Regional Project to an International Organization: The "Baeyer-Helmert-Era" of the International Association of Geodesy 1862–1916". IAG 150 Years. International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Vol. 143. Springer, Cham. pp. 3–18. doi:10.1007/1345_2015_42. ISBN 978-3-319-24603-1.
Arcmeasurement, sometimes degree measurement (German: Gradmessung), is the astrogeodetic technique of determining the radius of Earth – more specifically...
meridian arc was important for geodesy as it was one of the meridian arcs which were measured to determine the figure of the Earth via the arcmeasurement method...
between 155 and 160 metres (509 and 525 ft)). Eratosthenes described his arcmeasurement technique, in a book entitled On the measure of the Earth, which has...
Wilhelm Bessel using the method of least squares calculated from several arcmeasurements a new value for the flattening of the Earth, which he determinated...
of Sicily. Posidonius calculated the Earth's circumference by the arcmeasurement method, by reference to the position of the star Canopus. As explained...
measure the size of the Earth to a reasonable degree of accuracy in an arcmeasurement survey conducted in 1669–70, for which he is honored with a pyramid...
The purpose of measuring meridian arcs is to determine a figure of the Earth. One or more measurements of meridian arcs can be used to infer the shape of...
Portuguese expedition for the survey of Brazil and the arcmeasurement of a degree of latitude (meridian arc), but was persuaded by the Pope to stay in Italy...
and 67% of the equatorial. Arcmeasurement is the historical method of determining the ellipsoid. Two meridian arcmeasurements will allow the derivation...
the length of the meridian arc on the Earth's surface from the equator to the north pole. In 1799, after the arcmeasurement had been surveyed, the new...
a group of Muslim astronomers and Muslim geographers to perform an arcmeasurement from Tadmur (Palmyra) to Raqqa, in modern Syria. They found the cities...
extensive geodetic survey of the Kingdom of Hanover together with an arcmeasurement project from 1820 to 1844, did much of the fieldwork, and provided...
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol ′, is a unit of angular measurement equal to 1/60 of one degree...
Greenwich. The meridian arcmeasurement made by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille north of Cape Town in 1752 (de Lacaille's arcmeasurement) was affected by vertical...
meridian arcs: the longer the meridian arcs, the more precise the image of the Earth ellipsoid would be. After Struve Geodetic Arcmeasurement, it was...
recalculating the figure of the Earth (its dimensions and shape) via an arcmeasurement. He caused a beacon to be erected on top of Table Mountain which was...
temperature errors. In 1867, the second general Conference of the European ArcMeasurement recommended the adoption of the metre in replacement of the toise....
the IAG were arcmeasurement campaigns. The IAG was founded in 1862 as the Mitteleuropäische Gradmessung (Central European ArcMeasurement), later became...
to what is now Ecuador carried out for the purpose of performing an arcmeasurement, measuring the length of a degree of latitude near the Equator, by...
Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía) 'angle'), grad, or grade – is a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one-hundredth of the right angle; in other words...
places, and so calculated the length of a degree of the meridian (arcmeasurement). His result was some 600 yards too great; but it was the nearest approximation...
curvature of the Earth (approximated by an oblate ellipsoid); see also: arcmeasurement Radius of curvature is also used in a three part equation for bending...
angular measurement equal to 1/60 of one degree. Wild arc, a concept from geometric topology Arc, in geology a mountain chain configured as an arc due to...
to geodesy and geophysics, in particular his work on the meridian arcmeasurement Großenhain-Kremsmünster-Pola, which detailed the use of comparisons...
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