Riddles are historically a significant genre of Arabic literature. The Qur’an does not contain riddles as such, though it does contain conundra.[1] But riddles are attested in early Arabic literary culture, 'scattered in old stories attributed to the pre-Islamic bedouins, in the ḥadīth and elsewhere; and collected in chapters'.[2] Since the nineteenth century, extensive scholarly collections have also been made of riddles in oral circulation.
Although in 1996 the Syrian proverbs scholar Khayr al-Dīn Shamsī Bāshā published a survey of Arabic riddling,[3] analysis of this literary form has been neglected by modern scholars,[4] including its emergence in Arabic writing;[5][6] there is also a lack of editions of important collections.[7]: 134 n. 61 A major study of grammatical and semantic riddles was, however, published in 2012,[8] and since 2017 legal riddles have enjoyed growing attention.[9][10][7]: 119–56
^A. A. Seyed-Gohrab, Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), pp. 14-15.
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^Cf. A. A. Seyed-Gohrab, Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), 14-18.
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^ abElias G. Saba, Harmonizing Similarities: A History of Distinctions Literature in Islamic Law, Islam – Thought, Culture, and Society, 1 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019), doi:10.1515/9783110605792.
^Christian Mauder, “In the Sultan's Salon: Learning, Religion and Rulership at the Mamluk Court of Qāniṣawh al-Ghawrī (r. 1501–1516)” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Göttingen, 2017).
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