Free software framework for multiplatform hybrid mobile apps
Apache Cordova
Original author(s)
Joe Bowser, Michael Brooks, Rob Ellis, Dave Johnson, Anis Kadri, Brian Leroux, Jesse MacFadyen, Filip Maj, Eric Oesterle, Brock Whitten, Herman Wong, Shazron Abdullah
Initial release
2009; 15 years ago (2009)
Stable release
12.0.0[1]
/ 22 May 2023; 11 months ago (22 May 2023)
Written in
C#, C++, CSS, HTML, Java, JavaScript and Objective-C
Platform
Android iOS, macOS Windows (8.1, 10, Phone 8.1) Electron[2]
Type
Mobile development framework
License
Apache License 2.0[3][4]
Website
cordova.apache.org
Apache Cordova (formerly PhoneGap) is a mobile application development framework created by Nitobi. Adobe Systems purchased Nitobi in 2011, rebranded it as PhoneGap, and later released an open-source version of the software called Apache Cordova.[5] Apache Cordova enables software programmers to build hybrid web applications for mobile devices using CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript, instead of relying on platform-specific APIs like those in Android, iOS, or Windows Phone.[6] It enables the wrapping up of CSS, HTML, and JavaScript code depending on the platform of the device. It extends the features of HTML and JavaScript to work with the device. The resulting applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native mobile application nor purely Web-based. They are not native because all layout rendering is done via Web views instead of the platform's native UI framework. They are not Web apps because they are packaged as apps for distribution and have access to native device APIs. Mixing native and hybrid code snippets has been possible since version 1.9.
The software was previously called just "PhoneGap", then "Apache Callback".[7][8]
PhoneGap was Adobe's commercial version of Cordova along with its associated ecosystem. Many other tools and frameworks are also built on top of Cordova, including Ionic,[9] Monaca, VoltBuilder, TACO, Onsen UI, GapDebug, App Builder, Cocoon, Framework7, Quasar Framework, Evothings Studio, NSB/AppStudio, Mobiscroll, and Telerik Platform.[10] These tools use Cordova, and not PhoneGap for their core tools.
Contributors to the Apache Cordova project include Adobe, BlackBerry, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Mozilla, and others.[11]
^Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
^"Cordova support by platform - Apache Cordova". cordova.apache.org.
^"PhoneGap License". Phonegap.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
^"Adobe Announces Agreement to Acquire Nitobi, Creator of PhoneGap". Adobe.com. 2011-10-03. Archived from the original on 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
^Jose Fermoso (April 5, 2009). "PhoneGap Seeks to Bridge the Gap Between Mobile App Platforms". GigaOM. Archived from the original on 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
^Community, Tiki. "Apache Callback - Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development". Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^"Apache Callback Proposal". Wiki.phonegap.com. 2013-08-15. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
^"The Last Word on Cordova and PhoneGap". The Official Ionic Blog. 6 March 2014.
^"Apache Cordova". Apache Cordova.
^"Cordova Contributor's Who's Who". apache.org. 2015-11-02. Archived from the original on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
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Global Information
/ 22 May 2023