Discrimination in the USSR towards Jewish mathematicians
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Antisemitism in Soviet mathematics was a manifestation of hostility, prejudice and discrimination in the Soviet Union towards Jews in the scientific and educational environment related to mathematics.
According to numerous testimonies and facts, from the second half of the 1960s to the beginning of the 1980s, Jews studying or working in the field of mathematics in the USSR were discriminated against when entering universities, postgraduate studies and work, when defending their dissertations, when trying to publish an article or book, when traveling to scientific conferences and abroad.[1][2][3][4][5]
Academicians Ivan Vinogradov, Lev Pontryagin and a number of others, who for a long time led and determined policy in Soviet mathematics, were accused by contemporaries of carrying out antisemitic policies.[2][6][7][8][9][10][11] This has caused several international scandals. Pontryagin himself denied these accusations.[12]
Discrimination became one of the reasons for the mass emigration of Jewish mathematicians from the USSR.[4][13][14][15] Due to possible emigration, Jews in the USSR were often viewed as disloyal citizens, although discrimination preceded emigration, and not vice versa.[15][16]
^"Хроника текущих событий — Выпуск 51" [Chronicle of Current Events — Issue 51]. Memorial (society). 1978-12-01. Archived from the original on 2021-02-24.
^ abKolata, Gina Bari (1978-12-15). "Anti-Semitism Alleged in Soviet Mathematics". Science. 202 (4373): 1167–1170. Bibcode:1978Sci...202.1167B. doi:10.1126/science.202.4373.1167. PMID 17735390.
^Freiman, Gregory (1980). It seems I am a Jew : a Samizdat essay. Melvyn B. Nathanson. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 96. ISBN 0-8093-0962-9. OCLC 5946582.
^ abTsalenko, Mikhail (2011). "Calenko1". berkovich-zametki.com (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^Katok, Anatole (2008). "Moscow dynamics seminars of the Nineteen seventies and the early career of Yasha Pesin". Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems. 22 (1&2): 1–22. doi:10.3934/dcds.2008.22.1.
^Novikov, Sergei (1999). "Рохлин (из серии очерков "Математики за кулисами социализма")" [Rokhlin (from a series of essays "Mathematics behind the scenes of socialism")]. mccme.ru (in Russian).
^Novikov, Sergei. "Мои истории" [My stories] (PDF). mi.ras.ru (in Russian). p. 33.
^Tikhomirov, Vladimir (2004). "О Леониде Витальевиче Канторовиче" [About Leonid Vitalievich Kantorovich]. vivovoco.astronet.ru (in Russian). Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^Katok, Anatole (2008). "Moscow dynamics seminars of the Nineteen seventies and the early career of Yasha Pesin". Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems. 22 (1&2): 9. doi:10.3934/dcds.2008.22.1.
^Szpiro, George (2007). "Notices of the American Mathematical Society" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. p. 1326. ISSN 0002-9920.
^Tsirel, Sergey (2008). "Сталинская урбанизация и упадок советской науки" [Stalinist urbanization and the decline of Soviet science] (PDF). Higher School of Economics (in Russian). p. 118.
^Pontryagin, Lev (1998). Zhizneopisanie Lʹva Semenovicha Pontri︠a︡gina, matematika, sostavlennoe im samim : rozhdenii︠a︡ 1908, g. Moskva [Biography of L. S. Pontryagin, mathematician, compiled by himself] (in Russian). Moskva: IChP "Prima V". p. 302. ISBN 5-85240-062-9. OCLC 49502078.
^Feinberg, Evgenii. "Неизбрание в Академию наук CCCР Гельфанда было позором" [Gelfand's failure to be elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was a shame]. peoples.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^Bernstein, Jared (1982-01-05). "Emigrant Mathematicians Fault Soviet Anti-Semitism | News | The Harvard Crimson". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
^ abKolata, Gina Bari (1978-12-15). "Anti-Semitism Alleged in Soviet Mathematics". Science. 202 (4373): 1170. Bibcode:1978Sci...202.1167B. doi:10.1126/science.202.4373.1167. PMID 17735390.
^Podhoretz, Norman (1985). "Евреи в современном мире" [Jews in the modern world] (PDF). vtoraya-literatura.com (in Russian). p. 114.
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