Bust from the Louvre, possibly Roman copy of Hellenistic portrait of Antiochus III
Basileus Megas of the Seleucid Empire
Reign
April/June 223 – 3 July 187 BC (36 years)
Predecessor
Seleucus III Ceraunus
Successor
Seleucus IV Philopator
Born
c. 241 BC Susa, Seleucid Empire
Died
3 July 187 BC (aged 54) Susa, Seleucid Empire
Spouse
Laodice III Euboea of Chalcis
Issue
Antiochus Seleucus IV Philopator Ardys Laodice of Bactria Laodice IV, Queen of the Seleucid Empire Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt Antiochis, Queen of Cappadocia Antiochus IV
Names
Antiochos ho Mégas Ἀντίoχoς ὁ Μέγας ("Antiochus the Great")
Dynasty
Seleucid
Father
Seleucus II Callinicus
Mother
Laodice II
Religion
Greek polytheism
Antiochus III the Great (/ænˈtaɪəkəs/; Greek: Ἀντίοχος ὁ ΜέγαςAntíokhos ho Mégas; c. 241 – 3 July 187 BC)[1] was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire, reigning from 223 to 187 BC.[2][3][4] He ruled over the region of Syria and large parts of the rest of western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in April/June 223 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories and substantially expanded the empire's territory. His traditional designation, the Great, reflects an epithet he assumed. He also assumed the title Basileus Megas (Greek for "Great King"), the traditional title of the Persian kings. A militarily active ruler, Antiochus restored much of the territory of the Seleucid Empire, before suffering a serious setback, towards the end of his reign, in his war against Rome.
Declaring himself the "champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination", Antiochus III waged a four-year war against the Roman Republic beginning in mainland Greece in the autumn of 192 BC[5][6] before being decisively defeated at the Battle of Magnesia. He died three years later on campaign in the east.
^"Antiochus III the Great". Livius.org. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
^Davies, Philip R. (2002). Second Temple studies III: studies in politics, class, and material culture. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-8264-6030-1. The difference is that from the perspective of Antiochus III, the Greek king of a Greek empire, or from the later point of view of a head of state communicating with a Greek city-state
^Garg, Gaṅgā Rām (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu world, Volume 2. Concept Publishing Company. p. 510. ISBN 978-81-7022-375-7. Antiochus III the Great. Greek king who ruled an empire including Syria and western Asia (including Mesopotamia and Iran) towards the end of the 3rd century BC. It was during his time that Bactria became independent under Euthydemos. Shortly afterwards Antiochus III crossed the Hindu Kush and attacked an Indian prince named Subhagasena (Sophagasenas of the classical writers) who ruled over the Kabul valley. Antiochus III defeated Subhagasena, extorted from him a large cash indemnity and many elephants before he went back to his country. This invasion produced no permanent effect.
^Jones, Peter V.; Sidwell, Keith C. (1997). The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-521-38600-5. Antiochus III, the Greek king of Syria (the dynasty there was called 'Seleucid'), was busily expanding in Asia Minor and in 196 BC even crossed into Europe to annex part of Thrace.
^Whitehorne, John Edwin George (1994). Cleopatras. Routledge. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-415-05806-3. ...in the autumn of 192 BC they heard that Antiochus III had crossed over to Greece with his army and declared himself the champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination.
^Wilson. Nigel Guy (2006). Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. Routledge. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-415-97334-2. ANTIOCHUS III THE GREAT c242-187 BC Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great was the sixth king (223-187 BC) … Antiochus landed on the mainland of Greece posing as a champion of Greek freedom against the Romans (192 BC).
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AntiochusIIItheGreat (/ænˈtaɪəkəs/; Greek: Ἀντίοχος ὁ Μέγας Antíokhos ho Mégas; c. 241 – 3 July 187 BC) was a Greek Hellenistic king and the 6th ruler...
Iotapa. Antiochus was of Armenian descent. Through his ancestor from Commagene, Queen Laodice VII Thea, who was the mother of King Antiochus I of Commagene...
III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander theGreat,...
and Persia). He was the second son and successor of AntiochusIIItheGreat and Laodice III. He was made heir to his father after the death of his elder...
Mithridates had two sisters: Laodice III, the first wife of the Seleucid King AntiochusIIItheGreat, and Laodice of Pontus. He may have ruled in an uncertain...
Antiochus IX killed Tryphaena in revenge. In 102 BC, Antiochus VIII's aunt Cleopatra III of Egypt, the mother of the two rival queens, gave him the hand...
son, Antiochus, during the Anabase expedition of her husband, AntiochusIIItheGreat, between 212 and 206 BC. AntiochusIII created a royal cult dedicated...
Empire and the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. The Seleucids were led by AntiochusIIItheGreat, who launched an invasion of Bactria to recover his ancestor's...
Antiochus I Soter (Greek: Ἀντίοχος Σωτήρ, Antíochos Sōtér; "Antiochusthe Savior"; c. 324/3 – 2 June 261 BC) was a Macedonian king of the Seleucid Empire...
Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus (Greek: Ἀντίοχος Εὐσεβής Κυζικηνός, "Antiochusthe Pious, the Cyzicene") was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom...
even Antiochus himself represented in a deified status. Antiochus was one of the last rulers of a Persian-Macedonian court before the advent of the Romans...
in the Seleucid dynasty. From their sibling union Laodice IV bore Antiochus a daughter called Nysa. AntiochusIII appointed Laodice in 193 BC as the chief...
to repudiate Laodice and marry Ptolemy III's sister Berenice. Antiochus II and Berenice had a son named Antiochus, who was still an infant when his father...
for a short time, chief minister to AntiochusIII Volkmann, Hans (February 13, 2024). "AntiochusIIItheGreat". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February...
West Asia; the empire reached its height under emperor AntiochusIII. From the mid-second century BC, after its defeat at the hands of the resurgent Parthian...
and AntiochusIIItheGreat of the Seleucid Empire during the Syrian Wars. It was one of the largest battles of the Hellenistic kingdoms and of the ancient...
and his uncle Antiochus IX, which ended with the assassination of Antiochus VIII in 96 BC. After the death of their father, Demetrius III took control...
2nd century BC), daughter of AntiochusIIItheGreat and Laodice III, wife of Antiochus, Seleucus IV Philopator and Antiochus IV Epiphanes Laodice V (fl...
holds that the Greek king mentioned there is in fact be Antiochus II's father, Antiochus I Soter, who arguably had more proximity with the East. Inscriptions...
the first wife of AntiochusIIItheGreat , and her brother was Mithridates III of Pontus. She married her distant maternal cousin, the Seleucid general...
only from numismatic evidence. The father of Demetrius, Euthydemus, was attacked by the Seleucid ruler AntiochusIII around 210 BC. Although he commanded...
Syria between 87 and 82 BC. The youngest son of Antiochus VIII and, most likely, his Egyptian wife Tryphaena, Antiochus XII lived during a period of...
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