Anthony Eden information

The Right Honourable
The Earl of Avon
KG MC PC
The Right Honourable The Earl of Avon KG MC PC
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
	In office; 6 April 1955 – 9 January 1957
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Preceded by	Winston Churchill
Succeeded by	Harold Macmillan
Leader of the Conservative Party
	In office; 6 April 1955 – 10 January 1957
Chairman	The Viscount Woolton; The Lord Poole;
Preceded by	Winston Churchill
Succeeded by	Harold Macmillan
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
	De facto; 26 October 1951 – 6 April 1955
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Herbert Morrison (de facto)
Succeeded by	Rab Butler (de facto)
Member of the House of Lords
	Lord Temporal
	Hereditary peerage; 12 July 1961 – 14 January 1977
Preceded by	Peerage established
Succeeded by	The 2nd Earl of Avon
Member of Parliament; for Warwick and Leamington
	In office; 6 December 1923 – 10 January 1957
Preceded by	Ernest Pollock
Succeeded by	John Hobson
Prime Minister
Ministerial offices
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
	In office; 28 October 1951 – 6 April 1955
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Herbert Morrison
Succeeded by	Harold Macmillan
	In office; 22 December 1940 – 26 July 1945
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	The Viscount Halifax
Succeeded by	Ernest Bevin
	In office; 22 December 1935 – 20 February 1938
Prime Minister	Stanley Baldwin; Neville Chamberlain;
Preceded by	Samuel Hoare
Succeeded by	The Viscount Halifax
Leader of the House of Commons
	In office; 22 November 1942 – 26 July 1945
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Stafford Cripps
Succeeded by	Herbert Morrison
Secretary of State for War
	In office; 11 May 1940 – 22 December 1940
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Oliver Stanley
Succeeded by	David Margesson
Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
	In office; 3 September 1939 – 14 May 1940
Prime Minister	Neville Chamberlain; Winston Churchill;
Preceded by	Thomas Inskip
Succeeded by	The Viscount Caldecote
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	In office; 31 December 1933 – 7 June 1935
Prime Minister	Ramsay MacDonald
Preceded by	Stanley Baldwin
Succeeded by	The Marquess of Londonderry
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
	In office; 3 September 1931 – 18 January 1934
Prime Minister	Ramsay MacDonald
Preceded by	Hugh Dalton
Succeeded by	The Earl Stanhope
Personal details
Born	Robert Anthony Eden; 12 June 1897; Rushyford, County Durham, England
Died	14 January 1977 (aged 79); Alvediston, England
Resting place	St Mary's Churchyard, Alvediston
Political party	Conservative
Spouses	; Beatrice Beckett (m. 1923; div. 1950) ; Clarissa Spencer-Churchill (m. 1952)
Children	3, including Nicholas (by Beckett)
Parent	Sir William Eden, 7th Bt (father);
Education	Eton College
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford
Signature
Military service
Branch/service	British Army
Years of service	1915–1919; 1920–1923; 1939 (as Territorial);
Rank	Major
Unit	King's Royal Rifle Corps; Durham Light Infantry;
Battles/wars	First World War Battle of the Somme; Battle of Messines; Battle of Passchendaele; Operation Michael; Hundred Days Offensive; ;
Awards	Military Cross

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1955 until his resignation in 1957.

Achieving rapid promotion as a young Conservative member of Parliament, he became foreign secretary aged 38, before resigning in protest at Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy towards Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy.^[1]^[2] He again held that position for most of the Second World War, and a third time in the early 1950s. Having been deputy to Winston Churchill for almost 15 years, Eden succeeded him as the leader of the Conservative Party and prime minister in 1955, and a month later won a general election.

Eden's reputation as a skilled diplomat was overshadowed in 1956 when the United States refused to support the Anglo-French military response to the Suez Crisis, which critics across party lines regarded as a historic setback for British foreign policy, signalling the end of British influence in the Middle East.^[3] Most historians argue that he made a series of blunders, especially not realising the depth of American opposition to military action.^[4] Two months after ordering an end to the Suez operation, he resigned as Prime Minister on grounds of ill health, and because he was widely suspected of having misled the House of Commons over the degree of collusion with France and Israel.^[5]

Eden is generally considered to be among the least successful of British prime ministers in the 20th century, although two broadly sympathetic biographies have gone some way to shifting the balance of opinion.^[6]^[7]^[8] He was the first out of fifteen British prime ministers to be appointed by Queen Elizabeth II in her seventy-year reign.^[9]

^ Mallett, Robert (March 1997). "The Anglo-Italian war trade negotiations, contraband control and the failure to appease Mussolini, 1939–40". Diplomacy & Statecraft. 8 (1): 137–167. doi:10.1080/09592299708406033.
^ Churchill 1948
^ David Dutton: Anthony Eden. A Life and Reputation (London, Arnold, 1997).^{[page needed]}
^ Tony Shaw, Eden, Suez & the Mass Media: Propaganda & Persuasion during the Suez Crisis (1996).^{[page needed]}
^ Keith Layborn (2002). Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth Century British Politics. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-134-58874-9. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
^ "Churchill 'greatest PM of 20th Century'". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 29 December 2005.
^ Robert Rhodes James (1986) Anthony Eden; D. R. Thorpe (2003) Eden.^{[page needed]}
^ Thorpe (2003) Eden.^{[page needed]}
^ "In pictures: The prime ministers appointed by the Queen". BBC News. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

[1] Mallett, Robert (March 1997). "The Anglo-Italian war trade negotiations, contraband control and the failure to appease Mussolini, 1939–40". Diplomacy & Statecraft. 8 (1): 137–167. doi:10.1080/09592299708406033.

[wc1-2] Churchill 1948

[Dutton-3] David Dutton: Anthony Eden. A Life and Reputation (London, Arnold, 1997).^{[page needed]}

[4] Tony Shaw, Eden, Suez & the Mass Media: Propaganda & Persuasion during the Suez Crisis (1996).^{[page needed]}

[5] Keith Layborn (2002). Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth Century British Politics. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-134-58874-9. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2016.

[6] "Churchill 'greatest PM of 20th Century'". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 29 December 2005.

[RRJames-7] Robert Rhodes James (1986) Anthony Eden; D. R. Thorpe (2003) Eden.^{[page needed]}

[Thorpe2003-8] Thorpe (2003) Eden.^{[page needed]}

[9] "In pictures: The prime ministers appointed by the Queen". BBC News. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

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