Annulohypoxylon annulatum information

Annulohypoxylon annulatum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Order:	Xylariales
Family:	Xylariaceae
Genus:	Annulohypoxylon
Species:	A. annulatum
Binomial name
	Annulohypoxylon annulatum; (Schwein.) Y.M.Ju, J.D.Rogers & H.M.Hsieh
Synonyms
	Hypoxylon annulatum (Schwein.) Mont. ; Hypoxylon circumscribum Lloyd ; Hypoxylon marginatum Berk. ; Hypoxylon marginatum subsp. emarginata Theiss., 1909 ; Hypoxylon marginatum var. emarginata Theiss. ; Hypoxylon vernicosum Ellis & Everh. ; Sphaeria annulata Schwein. ; Sphaeria marginata Schwein. ;

Annulohypoxylon annulatum is a pyrenomycete, a carbonaceous fungus that produces its ascospores in perithecia (flask shaped container), and then shoots them out through an opening called the ostiole. Annulohypoxylon was derived from the original genus Hypoxylon in 2005 and is distinguished by their flat, disk-like rings encircling the ostioles (hence the annulo- prefix).^[2] The stromata (fruiting bodies) of A. annulatum are semi-globose to cushion-like and are black in color. They are covered in ostioles (pimple-like in appearance) surrounded by a flat disc area. A hand lens may be needed in order to see this. This species commonly grows on oak and when crushed and mixed with potassium hydroxide will produce an olive green pigment. Microscopically, "ascospores brown to dark brown, ellipsoid-inequilateral, 7.5-12 × 3.5-5 μm, with straight germ slit spore-length".^[3]

^ "Annulohypoxylon annulatum". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
^ Pound, Matthew J.; Nuñez Otaño, Noelia B.; Romero, Ingrid C.; Lim, Michael; Riding, James B.; O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K. (2022-08-04). "The fungal ecology of the Brassington Formation (Middle Miocene) of Derbyshire, United Kingdom, and a new method for palaeoclimate reconstruction". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.947623. ISSN 2296-701X.
^ Vasilyeva, Larissa N.; Rogers, Jack D.; Miller, Andrew N. "Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. V. Annulohypoxylon and Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity.

[1] "Annulohypoxylon annulatum". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-01-13.

[2] Pound, Matthew J.; Nuñez Otaño, Noelia B.; Romero, Ingrid C.; Lim, Michael; Riding, James B.; O'Keefe, Jennifer M. K. (2022-08-04). "The fungal ecology of the Brassington Formation (Middle Miocene) of Derbyshire, United Kingdom, and a new method for palaeoclimate reconstruction". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.947623. ISSN 2296-701X.

[3] Vasilyeva, Larissa N.; Rogers, Jack D.; Miller, Andrew N. "Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. V. Annulohypoxylon and Hypoxylon (Xylariaceae)" (PDF). Fungal Diversity.