Animation in the United States in the television era information
Period of U.S. animation when television animation was common
History of animation in the United States
Silent era
Golden Age
World War II
Television era
Modern era
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Animation in the United States in the television era was a period in the history of American animation that slowly set in with the decline of theatrical animated shorts and the popularization of television animation that started in the late 1950s, reached its peak during the 1970s, and ended around the mid-1980s. This era is characterized by low budgets, limited animation, an emphasis on television over the theater, and the general perception of cartoons being primarily for children.[1] Due to the perceived cheap production values, poor animation, and mixed critical and commercial reception, the era is generally looked back upon negatively by critics and animation historians. The television animation of this period is often referred to as the dark age of American animation,[2][3] while the theatrical animation from the time is sometimes referred as the bronze age.[4][5]
Television animation developed from the success of Disney’s theatrical animated movies, along with Warner Bros.’ Looney Tunes and MGM’s Tom and Jerry cartoons in the first half of the 20th century. The state of animation changed dramatically in the three decades starting with the post-World War II proliferation of television. While studios gave up on the big-budget theatrical short animated cartoons that thrived in the golden age, new television animation studios would thrive based on the economy and volume of their output. Many popular and famous animated cartoon characters emerged from this period, including Hanna-Barbera's Scooby-Doo, Josie and the Pussycats, Captain Caveman, and Hong Kong Phooey, Filmation's He-Man, DiC Entertainment's Inspector Gadget, and Marvel Productions' and Sunbow Productions' The Transformers. The period came to an end in the late 1980s as many entertainment companies revived their animation franchises and returned to making high-budget, successful works.
^Cite error: The named reference cast was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Dark Age (Thesis). Holderness Senior Thesis.
^Meyer, Andrew (2016). Animation or Cartoons: An American Dilemma (Thesis). Honors Projects.
^"The Final Days of The Theatrical Cartoon Short". Cartoon Research. 11 March 2017.
^"The Bronze Age 2". Cartoon Research. 1 April 2019.
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