Violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans
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1941 poster for the Cleveland Division of Health encouraging dog bite victims to report dog bites to the proper authorities
Animal attacks are violent attacks caused by non-human animals against humans, one of the most common being bites. These attacks are a cause of human injuries and fatalities worldwide.[1] According to the 2012 U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook, 56% of United States citizens owned a pet.[2] In the United States in 1994, approximately 4.7 million people were bitten by dogs.[3] The frequency of animal attacks varies with geographical location, as well as hormonal secretion. Gonad glands found on the anterior side of the pituitary gland secrete androgen and estrogen hormones. Animals with high levels of these hormones, which depending on the species can be a seasonal occurrence, such as during rutting season, tend to be more aggressive, which leads to a higher frequency of attacks not only to humans but among themselves.[4] In the United States, a person is more likely to be killed by a domesticated dog than they are to die from being hit by lightning according to the National Safety Council.[5]
Animal attacks have been identified as a major public health problem. In 1997, it was estimated that up to 2 million animal bites occur each year in the United States.[6] Injuries caused by animal attacks result in thousands of fatalities worldwide every year.[7] "Unprovoked attacks occur when the animal approaches and attacks a person(s) who is the principal attractant, for example, predation on humans ..."[8][9] All causes of death are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention each year. Medical injury codes are used to identify specific cases.[6] The World Health Organization uses identical coding, though it is unclear whether all countries keep track of animal-related fatalities. Though animals, excluding some tigers, do not regularly hunt humans, there is concern that these incidents are "bad for many species 'public image'."
^"Animal bites". World Health Organization. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
^Bula-Rudas, Fernando J.; Olcott, Jessica L. (1 October 2018). "Human and Animal Bites". Pediatrics in Review. 39 (10): 490–500. doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0212. ISSN 0191-9601. PMID 30275032. S2CID 52898850.
^"Dog-Bite-Related Fatalities -- United States, 1995-1996". CDC. U.S. Center for Disease Control. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
^Svare, Bruce B. (7 March 2013). Hormones and Aggressive Behavior. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4613-3521-4.
^"Injury Facts Chart". National Safety Council. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
^ abLangley, Ricky L.; Morrow, William E. (1997). "Deaths resulting from animal attacks in the United States". Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 8 (1): 8–16. doi:10.1580/1080-6032(1997)008[0008:drfaai]2.3.co;2. PMID 11990139.
^Warrell, D.A. (1993). "Venomous bites and stings in the tropical world". Medical Journal of Australia. 159 (11–12): 773–779. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb141345.x. PMID 8264466. S2CID 36567559.
^Angelici, Francesco (2016). Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-22246-2.
^"Animal bites". World Health Organization. February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
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