System of beliefs and rituals integral to ancient Egyptian society
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A
Aati
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Ash
Assessors
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B
Babi
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Bat
Bata
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C
Cavern deities
D
Dedun
Duau (god)
F
Four sons of Horus
G
Gate deities
H
Ha
Hapi
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Hu
I
Iabet
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Imentet
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Iunit
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K
Kebechet
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Khepri
Kherty
Khnum
Khonsu
Kothar-wa-Khasis
M
Maahes
Ma'at
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Medjed
Mafdet
Mehen
Mehet-Weret
Mehit
Menhit
Meret
Meretseger
Meskhenet
Min
Mnevis
Montu
Mut
N
Nebethetepet
Nebtuwi
Nefertem
Nehebkau
Nehmetawy
Neith
Nemty
Nekhbet
Neper
P
Pakhet
Perit
Petbe
Ptah
Q
Qebui
Qed-her
Qetesh
R
Ra
Raet-Tawy
Rekhyt
Rem
Renenutet
Renpet
Renpetneferet
Repyt
Resheph
S
Sah
Satis
Sebiumeker
Sekhmet
Seker
Serapis
Serket
Seshat
Shai
Shed
Shesmetet
Shezmu
Sia
Sobek
Sopdet
Sopdu
Souls of Pe and Nekhen
T
Tatenen
Taweret
Tayt
Ta-Bitjet
Thoth
Hermes Trismegistus
Tjenenyet
Tutu
U
Unut
W
Wadjet
Wadj-wer
Weneg
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Imiut fetish
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Matet boat
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Menat
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Nemes
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Tyet
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Was-sceptre
Winged sun
Texts
Funerary texts (Amduat • Books of Breathing • Book of Caverns • Book of the Dead • Book of the Earth • Book of Gates)
Related religions
Atenism
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Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered on the Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present and in control of the world. About 1500 deities are known.[1] Rituals such as prayer and offerings were provided to the gods to gain their favor. Formal religious practice centered on the pharaohs, the rulers of Egypt, believed to possess divine powers by virtue of their positions. They acted as intermediaries between their people and the gods, and were obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain Ma'at, the order of the cosmos, and repel Isfet, which was chaos. The state dedicated enormous resources to religious rituals and to the construction of temples.
Individuals could interact with the gods for their own purposes, appealing for help through prayer or compelling the gods to act through magic. These practices were distinct from, but closely linked with, the formal rituals and institutions. The popular religious tradition grew more prominent over the course of Egyptian history as the status of the pharaoh declined. Egyptian belief in the afterlife and the importance of funerary practices is evident in the great efforts made to ensure the survival of their souls after death – via the provision of tombs, grave goods and offerings to preserve the bodies and spirits of the deceased.
The religion had its roots in Egypt's prehistory and lasted for 3,500 years. The details of religious belief changed over time as the importance of particular gods rose and declined, and their intricate relationships shifted. At various times, certain gods became preeminent over the others, including the sun god Ra, the creator god Amun, and the mother goddess Isis. For a brief period, in the theology promulgated by the pharaoh Akhenaten, a single god, the Aten, replaced the traditional pantheon. Ancient Egyptian religion and mythology left behind many writings and monuments, along with significant influences on ancient and modern cultures.
^Kaelin, Oskar (2016-11-22). "Gods in Ancient Egypt". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.244. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
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