Global InformationAmygdalotomy information
Amygdalotomy is a form of psychosurgery which involves the surgical removal or destruction of the amygdala, or parts of the amygdala. It is usually a last-resort treatment for severe aggressive behavioral disorders and similar behaviors including hyperexcitability, violent outbursts, and self-mutilation.[1][2][3][4] The practice of medical amygdalotomy typically involves the administration of general anesthesia and is achieved through the application of cranial stereotactic surgery to target regions of the amygdala for surgical destruction.[3] While some studies have found stereotactic amygdalotomy in humans to be an effective treatment for severe cases of intractable aggressive behavior that has not responded to standard treatment methods,[5][6][7][8] other studies remain inconclusive.[9][10] In most cases of amygdalectomy in humans, there is no substantial evidence of impairment in overall cognitive function, including intelligence and working memory, however, deficits in specific areas of memory have been noted pertaining to the recognition and emotional interpretation of facial stimuli. This is because there are specialized cells in the amygdala which attend to facial stimuli.
- ^ Wang, W.; Li, P.; Jiang, S.; Zhou, P.; Zhang, S. (January 2017). "Bilateral anterior capsulotomy and amygdalotomy for mental retardation with psychiatric symptoms and aggression". Medicine. 96 (1): e5840. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005840. PMC 5228703. PMID 28072743.
- ^ "Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 3 – From deep brain stimulation to amygdalotomy for violent behavior, seizures, and pathological aggression in humans". Surgical Neurology International. Surgical Neurology International. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
clinical amygdalotomywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Hitchcock, E; Cairns, V (1973). "Amygdalotomy". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 49 (578): 894–904. doi:10.1136/pgmj.49.578.894. PMC 2495458. PMID 4806269.
- ^ Vaernet, K; Madsen, A (1970). "Stereotaxic amygdalotomy and basofrontal tractotomy in psychotics with aggressive behaviour". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 33 (6): 853–863. doi:10.1136/jnnp.33.6.858. PMC 493604. PMID 5531905.
- ^ Small, I.F; Heimburger, R.F; Small, J.G; Milstein, V; Moore, D.F (1977). "Follow-up of stereotaxic amygdalotomy for seizure and behavior disorders". Biological Psychiatry. 12 (3): 401–411. PMID 326309.
- ^ Heimburger, R. F., R.F; Small, I.F; Small, J.G; Milstein, V; Moore, D (1978). "Stereotactic amygdalotomy for convulsive and behavioral disorders". Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. 41 (4): 43–51. doi:10.1159/000102399. PMID 365101.
- ^ Heimburger, R.F; Whitlock, C.C; Kalsbeck, J.E (1966). "Stereotaxic amygdalotomy for epilepsy with aggressive behavior". JAMA. 198 (7): 741–745. doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03110200097026. PMID 5332043.
- ^ Anderson, R (1978). "Cognitive changes after amygdalotomy". Neuropsychologia. 16 (4): 439–451. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(78)90067-2. PMID 692856. S2CID 38237289.
- ^ Young, A.W; Agleton, J.P; Hellawell, D.J; Johnson, M; Broks, P; Hanley, J.R (1995). "Face processing impairments after amygdalotomy". Brain. 118 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.15. PMID 7895001.