In Greek mythology, Aeolus or Aiolos[1] (/ˈiːələs/; Ancient Greek: Αἴολος[ǎi̯.o.los], Greek: [ˈe.o.los]ⓘ) is a name shared by three mythical characters. These three personages are often difficult to tell apart, and even the ancient mythographers appear to have been perplexed about which Aeolus was which. Diodorus Siculus made an attempt to define each of these three (although it is clear that he also became muddled), and his opinion is followed here.[2]
The first Aeolus was a son of Hellen and the eponymous founder of the Aeolian race.[3]
The second Aeolus was a son of Poseidon, who led a colony to islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The third Aeolus was a son of Hippotes who is mentioned in the Odyssey and the Aeneid as the ruler of the winds.[4]
All three men named Aeolus appear to be connected genealogically, although the precise relationship, especially regarding the second and third Aeolus, is often ambiguous as their identities seem to have been merged by many ancient writers.
Aeolus was also the name of the following minor characters:
Aeolus, a defender of Thebes in the war of the Seven against Thebes. He was killed by Parthenopaeus.[5]
Aeolus, a Trojan companion of Aeneas in Italy, where he was killed by Turnus, King of the Rutulians. Aeolus was the father of Clytius and Misenus.[6]
^According to Kerényi, p. 206, the name means both "the mobile" and "the many coloured", while Rose, s.v. Aeolus (1) associates the name, "perhaps by derivation", with "the changeable". Chaucer's spelling of the name was "Eolus", the Middle English and Old French development of the Latin Aeolus, see de Weever, s.v. Eolus.
^Schmitz, Leonhard (1864), "Aeolus (1), (2) and (3)", in Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. 1, p. 35, archived from the original on 2013-10-09, retrieved 2007-10-25
^Parada, s.v. Aeolus 4; Virgil, Aeneid 6.162–164, 9.774, :12.542–547. Describing this Aeolus as "otherwise unknown to fame", Thomas, pp. 278–280, points out textual parallels between Aeneid 12.542–547 (Aeolus' apostrophe), and Achilles' aristeia in Iliad, book 20, and suggests that "Vergil's Aeolus symbolizes the figure he mirrors so markedly, the Homeric Aineias".
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