An achievement test is a test of developed skill or knowledge. The most common type of achievement test is a standardized test developed to measure skills and knowledge learned in a given grade level, usually through planned instruction, such as training or classroom instruction.[1][2] Achievement tests are often contrasted with tests that measure aptitude, a more general and stable cognitive trait.
Achievement test scores are often used in an educational system to determine the level of instruction for which a student is prepared. High achievement scores usually indicate a mastery of grade-level material, and the readiness for advanced instruction. Low achievement scores can indicate the need for remediation or repeating a course grade.
Under No Child Left Behind, achievement tests have taken on an additional role of assessing proficiency of students. Proficiency is defined as the amount of grade-appropriate knowledge and skills a student has acquired up to the point of testing. Better teaching practices are expected to increase the amount learned in a school year, and therefore to increase achievement scores, and yield more "proficient" students than before.[3]
When writing achievement test items, writers usually begin with a list of content standards (either written by content specialists or based on state-created content standards) which specify exactly what students are expected to learn in a given school year. The goal of item writers is to create test items that measure the most important skills and knowledge attained in a given grade-level. The number and type of test items written is determined by the grade-level content standards. Content validity is determined by the representativeness of the items included on the final test.
^Hawaii Department of Education. (1999, November 19). Assessment Terminology. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from "Glossary of Useful Terms". Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
^University of Wisconsin–Stout. (2007, June 11). Glossary. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from "Glossary". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
^Berwick, Carly (2015-07-23). "The One Thing No Child Left Behind Did Right". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
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