Uzbek writer, politician and public intellectual (1886–1938)
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Abdurauf Fitrat
Abdurauf Fitrat on an Uzbek stamp published in honour of his 110th birthday (1996)
Born
1886 Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara
Died
(1938-10-04)4 October 1938 Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
Occupation
Teacher, theorist, politician, educator, writer, and scholar
Literary movement
Jadidism
Signature
Abdurauf Fitrat (sometimes spelled Abdulrauf Fitrat or Abdurrauf Fitrat, Uzbek: Abdurauf Fitrat / Абдурауф Фитрат; 1886 – 4 October 1938) was an Uzbek author, journalist, politician and public intellectual in Central Asia under Russian and Soviet rule.
Fitrat made major contributions to modern Uzbek literature with both lyric and prose in Persian, Turki, and late Chagatai. Beside his work as a politician and scholar in many fields, Fitrat also authored poetic and dramatic literary texts. Fitrat initially composed poems and authored essays and polemic prose in the Persian language, but switched to a puristic Turkic tongue by 1917. Fitrat was responsible for the change to Uzbek as Bukhara's national language in 1921, before returning to writing texts in Tajik later during the 1920s. In the early 1920s, Fitrat took part in the efforts for Latinization of Uzbek and Tajik.
Fitrat was influenced by his studies in Istanbul during the early 1910s, where he came into contact with Islamic reformism and authored several philosophical essays. After returning to Central Asia, he turned into an influential ideological leader of the local jadid movement. In opposition to and in exile from the Bukharan emir he sided with the communists. After the end of the emirate, Fitrat accepted several posts in the government of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, before he was forced to spend a year in Russia. Later, he taught at several colleges and universities and held a research position at the Academy of Sciences of the then Uzbek SSR.
During Stalin's Great Purge, Fitrat was arrested and prosecuted for counter-revolutionary and nationalist activities, and finally executed in 1938. After his death, his work was banned for decades. Fitrat was rehabilitated in 1956, yet critical evaluation of his work has changed several times since. While there are Tajik criticis that call the likes of Fitrat "traitors", other writers have given him the title of a martyr (shahid), particularly in independent Uzbekistan.
AbduraufFitrat (sometimes spelled Abdulrauf Fitrat or Abdurrauf Fitrat, Uzbek: AbduraufFitrat / Абдурауф Фитрат; 1886 – 4 October 1938) was an Uzbek...
Ekta Kapoor Abdul Qadir Fitrat, Afghan banker AbduraufFitrat (1886-1938), Uzbek author, journalist and politician Bihari Lal Fitrat (born 1829), historian...
Amin worked as an authorized representative of the USSR in the RSFSR. AbduraufFitrat Fayzulla Xoʻjayev Young Bukharans Adib, Xolid (2022). O'zbekiston tavalludi:...
level of the higher category and was taught by a mufti. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual endowment of the madrasa was 50,000 tenge. Research scientist...
higher category and was taught by a master mudarris there. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual endowment of this madrasa was 150,000 tenge. Muhammed Ali...
the formation of Central Asian socialist nations (Fayzulla Khodjaev. AbduraufFitrat, Sadriddin Aini, Mirzo Mukhiddin Mansurov, Majid Qadiri), and others...
highest category in the city of Bukhara. According to the information of AbduraufFitrat of the Tursunjan madrasah, the annual endowment amount is 140,000 tenge...
third-degree senior mudarris (teacher) at the madrasa. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual waqf amount given to the madrasa was 150,000 tangas. Muhammad...
madrasah and provided information related to the madrasah. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual endowment of the madrasah is 40,000 tenge. Abdusattor Jumanazarov...
Khan ibn Iskandar Khan, in the Dost Chuhra Oga guzar. According to AbduraufFitrat, the amount of the annual endowment was 40,000 tanga. Research scientist...
Bukhara, and educated students from Banorasposh mudarris. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual endowment amount is 40,000 taka. Research scientist Abdusattor...
2002). "Reclaiming National Literary Heritage: the Rehabilitation of AbduraufFitrat and Abdulhamid Sulaymon Cholpan in Uzbekistan". Europe-Asia Studies...
several sources that provide information about the madrasa. According to AbduraufFitrat, the annual endowment of the madrasa was twenty-five thousand tenges...
the Ways of Spiritual Perfection” (2001), he analyzed the works of AbduraufFitrat, Abdulhamid Cholpon, Usmon Nosir, Abdulla Qahhor, Oybek, Gafur Gulyam...
Abdulvohid Burhonov and the new Jadids led by Fayzulla Khojayev and AbduraufFitrat. The main activity of the first group, which acted as conservatives...
considered one of the most famous madrasas in Bukhara. According to AbduraufFitrat’s information, the annual budget of this madrasa was 60 thousand tangas...
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