This article is about a hierarchy of 356 saints in the Sufi mystic tradition. For other uses, see Abdal (disambiguation).
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Abdāl (Arabic: أبدال) lit: substitutes, but which can also mean "generous" [karīm] and "noble" [sharīf]) is a term used in Islamic metaphysics and Islamic mysticism, both Sunni and Shiite,[1] to refer to a particularly important group of God's saints.[1] In the tradition of Sunni Islam in particular, the concept attained an especially important position in the writings of the Sunni mystics and theologians, whence it appears in the works of Sunni authorities as diverse as Abu Talib al-Makki (d. 956), Ali Hujwiri (d. 1072), Ibn Asakir (d. 1076), Khwaja Abdullah Ansari (d. 1088), Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), and Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406).[1]
It is a rank of forty saints, but more often the larger group of 356 saints in Sufi hagiography. In this theology it is said that they are only known to and appointed by Allah, and it is through their operations that the world continues to exist.[2] The term over time has come to include a greater hierarchy of saints, all of different rank and prestige.
^Metcalf, Barbara Daly (1996). Making Muslim space in North America and Europe. University of California Press. p. 178. ISBN 0-520-20404-2. The centrality of a Sufi saint's power over the earth and nature is explicitly personified in Sufi theosophy by the mystical rank of abdal, part of the esoteric set of beliefs regarding the ranked community of saints. According to this set of beliefs, there are at any one time forty living saints in the world who are abdals. These saints, I was told, make the grass grow, give food to birds, and ensure the fertility of the earth.
Abdāl (Arabic: أبدال) lit: substitutes, but which can also mean "generous" [karīm] and "noble" [sharīf]) is a term used in Islamic metaphysics and Islamic...
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Gozal Abdal (Persian: گزل ابدال, also Romanized as Gozal Abdāl; also known as Gowzal Abdāl, Gūzal Ābdāl, and Qizil Abdāl) is a village in Ali Sadr Rural...
(Shahmukhi); Urdu: گردوارہ پنجہ صاحب) is a famous gurdwara located in Hasan Abdal, Pakistan. The shrine is considered to be particularly important as the...
Kaygusuz Abdal (1341–1444) was a Turkish folk poet of the 14th century. In the 14th century Alaiye was the capital of the small Alaiye beylik (principality)...
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Pir Sultan Abdal (born Haydar) is an important religious figure in Alevism of Turkmen origin, who is thought to have been born in the village of Banaz...
College Hasan Abdal (Urdu :کیدت کالج/کیڈٹ کالج حسن ابدال), abbreviated as CCH, is a residential secondary school located in Hasan Abdal, Attock District...
Abdul Halim Khaddam (/ˈɑːbdəl həˈliːm kəˈdæm/ AHB-dəl hə-LEEM kə-DAM; Arabic: عبد الحليم خدام; 15 September 1932 – 31 March 2020) was a Syrian politician...
Hajj Abdal (Persian: حاج عبدال, also Romanized as Ḩājj ‘Abdāl; also known as Ḩājjī ‘Abdāl) is a village in Meydan Chay Rural District, in the Central District...
Naqvi, Ashfaque (10 November 2001). "Recalling Mumtaz Mufti: Lahore literary scene". Dawn. Retrieved 18 July 2012. WorldCat list of Abdal Bela works...
Highway) is a 1,300 km (810 mi) national highway which extends from Hasan Abdal in the Punjab province of Pakistan to the Khunjerab Pass in Gilgit-Baltistan...
Mor Gregorios Abdal Jaleel Bawa (died 27 April 1681) was the Syriac Orthodox Bishop of Jerusalem from 1664 until his death in 1681. He is chiefly remembered...
Hasan Abdal Railway Station (Urdu and Punjabi: حسن ابدال ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Hasan Abdal town, Attock district of Punjab province, Pakistan. The...
Abd Al Aziz Awda, also known as Sheik Awda (born 1946 or 20 December 1950), is a Palestinian cleric who, along with Fathi Shaqaqi, founded the Islamic...