Abatur information

Abatur
Abatur
	Image of Abatur from Diwan Abatur
Other names	Third Life, Abatur Rama, Abatur Muzania, Bhaq Ziwa, Yawar, Ancient of Days
Abode	World of Light
Symbol	Scales
Texts	Diwan Abatur
Parents	Yushamin
Offspring	Ptahil
Equivalents
Egyptian equivalent	Anubis
Zoroastrian equivalent	Rashnu

Abatur (ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡅࡓ‎, sometimes called Abathur; Yawar, ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ‎; and the Ancient of Days) is an Uthra and the second of three subservient emanations created by the Mandaean God Hayyi Rabbi (ࡄࡉࡉࡀ ࡓࡁࡉࡀ‎, “The Great Living God”) in the Mandaean religion. His name translates as the “father of the Uthras”, the Mandaean name for angels or guardians.^[2] His usual epithet is the Ancient (Atiga) and he is also called the deeply hidden and guarded. He is described as being the son of the first emanation, or Yoshamin (ࡉࡅࡔࡀࡌࡉࡍ‎‎).^[3] He is also described as being the angel of Polaris.^[4]

He exists in two different personae. These include Abatur Rama (ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡅࡓ ࡓࡀࡌࡀ‎, the "lofty" or celestial Abatur), and his "lower" counterpart, Abatur of the Scales (ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡅࡓ ࡌࡅࡆࡀࡍࡉࡀ‎), who weighs the souls of the dead to determine their fate.^[5] In Mandaean texts such as the Qolasta, Abatur is sometimes referred to as Bhaq Ziwa.^[6]^: 7–8

^ Kraeling, Carl (June 1933). "The Mandaic God Ptahil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 53 (2). American Oriental Society: 152–165. doi:10.2307/593099. JSTOR 593099.
^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. 2002. The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People. Oxford: Oxford University Press p8
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mandaeans". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 555–556.
^ Bunson, Matthew. Angels A to Z. New York:Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. ISBN 0-517-88537-9
^ Drower, Ethel Stefana. "105 (Known as the Asiet Malkia)". The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Page 105, translator's footnote 4. ⁴) There are two Abathurs, one appears to be a dmuta (or counterpart) of the other. In the less abstract form, he is Abathur of the Scales, the spirit of justice which weighs human souls in his balance.
^ Cite error: The named reference Häberl 2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[kraeling-1] Kraeling, Carl (June 1933). "The Mandaic God Ptahil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 53 (2). American Oriental Society: 152–165. doi:10.2307/593099. JSTOR 593099.

[2] Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. 2002. The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People. Oxford: Oxford University Press p8

[EB1911-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mandaeans". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 555–556.

[4] Bunson, Matthew. Angels A to Z. New York:Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996. ISBN 0-517-88537-9

[5] Drower, Ethel Stefana. "105 (Known as the Asiet Malkia)". The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans. Page 105, translator's footnote 4. ⁴) There are two Abathurs, one appears to be a dmuta (or counterpart) of the other. In the less abstract form, he is Abathur of the Scales, the spirit of justice which weighs human souls in his balance.

[Häberl_2022-6] Cite error: The named reference Häberl 2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Abatur information

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Abatur

Scroll of Abatur

Uthra

Mandaeism

Dmuta

Ptahil

Mandaean cosmology

List of Mandaic manuscripts

Gnosticism

Shatrin

Shahrat

Seraph

Adam Pagria

Classical planet

Ruha

Matarta

Samael

Angel

List of Gnostic texts

Anubis

Archangel

Angels in Islam

Yushamin

Ophanim

Abrahamic religions

Metatron

Nephilim

Weighing of souls

Abatur
Image of Abatur from Diwan Abatur
Other names	Third Life, Abatur Rama, Abatur Muzania, Bhaq Ziwa, Yawar, Ancient of Days
Abode	World of Light
Symbol	Scales
Texts	Diwan Abatur
Parents	Yushamin
Offspring	Ptahil
Equivalents
Egyptian equivalent	Anubis
Zoroastrian equivalent	Rashnu^[1]

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