This section is transcluded from 89 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Consuls: Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato.
Social War:
Roman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels in the Battle of Fucine Lake, Cato is killed.
The Roman army of Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Battle of Asculum.
Lex Plautia Papiria extends citizenship to all Italians who applied for it within 60 days. The new citizens are enrolled in eight designated tribes, to prevent domination of the assemblies.
Lex Pompeia grants Latin rights to cities in Cisalpine Gaul.
Pompeii is annexed by the Roman Republic.
Cicero ends his service in the Roman army.
Asia Minor[edit]
Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Bithynia and Cappadocia, thus beginning the First Mithridatic War.
Xiongnu[edit]
The former Han General-in-Chief Li Guangli, now the son-in-law of Hulugu Chanyu, is arrested and sacrificed to the gods to restore the health of Hulugu's mother.[1]
88 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 88 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
The Social War ends with the defeat of the Italian allies by the Romans.
August: The consul Lucius Cornelius Sulla becomes the first Roman commander to march on Rome with his army and to capture the city by force. This extraordinary act is prompted by his desire to maintain his proconsular command for the First Mithridatic War in Asia Minor.[2] Sulla then murdered his enemy P. Sulpicius Rufus and forced Gaius Marius to flee to Africa.
The Dardani, Scordisci, and the Maedi attack the Roman province of Macedonia.
Greece[edit]
May – King Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Greece. Defeating the Roman forces four times in succession, he conquers Bithynia, Phrygia, Mysia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Ionia and Cappadocia. The Roman province of Asia is dismantled. On the king's orders, the local authorities in every city of the province round up and put to death all resident Italians in a single day (App.Mith.§§85–91). Plutarch (Sulla 24.4) says that 150,000 are killed, other sources calculate a figure of 80,000 people.[3]
China[edit]
Emperor Wu of Han makes preparations for the six-year-old Liu Fuling to be made Crown Prince and establishes Huo Guang as the future regent. The emperor executes Fuling's mother Lady Gouyi so that she cannot dominate the state while Fuling is a child emperor.[4]
87 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 87 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Lucius Cornelius Cinna is elected consul of Rome, thus returning the rule of Rome back to the populares faction.
Sulla arrives in Greece and besieges Athens. He orders Lucius Licinius Lucullus to raise a fleet from Rome's allies around the eastern Mediterranean.
Ostia is razed by Gaius Marius as he comes back from Africa with an army to take Rome by force.
China[edit]
March 29 – Emperor Wu of Han dies after a 54-year reign in which he leads the Han dynasty (China) through its greatest expansion. The Empire's borders span from modern Kyrgyzstan in the west, to Mongolia in the north, to Korea in the east, and to northern Vietnam in the south.
March 30 – The eight-year-old Liu Fuling becomes emperor, with Huo Guang General-in-Chief and regent.[5]
By topic[edit]
Technology[edit]
Antikythera mechanism manufactured.
86 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 86 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
First Mithridatic War
March 1 – Sulla captures Athens from the Pontic army, removing the tyrant Aristion.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus decisively defeats the Mithridatic fleet in the Battle of Tenedos.
The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the Battle of Chaeronea.
The Dardani ally with Pontus and are defeated by Sulla soon after.
85 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 85 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
First Mithridatic War: Lucius Cornelius Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive Battle of Orchomenus.
84 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 84 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Asia[edit]
Battle of Cana: The Arab Nabataean Kingdom decisively defeats the Greek Seleucid Empire, slaying King Antiochus XII Dionysus, at modern-day Umm Qais in Jordan.
Roman Republic[edit]
The First Mithridatic War comes to an end.
Julius Caesar marries Cornelia[6]
83 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 83 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Spring – Lucius Cornelius Sulla returns to Italy from his campaigns in Greece and lands with his legions unopposed at Brundisium. He defeats the popular forces of Gaius Norbanus in the Battle of Mount Tifata.
Gnaeus Pompeius, age 22, raises, on his own initiative, a private army of three legions from his father's veterans and clientelae in Picenum.[7]
Lucius Licinius Murena, the Roman governor of Asia, clashes with the Pontic forces of Mithridates VI, starting the Second Mithridatic War.
A fire breaks out which burns down the Temple of Jupiter (Jupiter Capitolinus) and destroys the collection of Sibylline Books.
Two new buildings were completed on the Capitoline Hill in Rome: the Temple of Jupitor Optimus Maximus and the Tabularium.[8]
82 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 82 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
April: Sulla defeats the consul Gaius Marius the Younger at the Battle of Sacriportus, and takes control of Rome.
November 1: Sulla defeats an army of Samnites and Lucanians alliance in the Battle of the Colline Gate.[9]
November 2: Sulla slaughters the Samnite prisoners in the Villa publica; the senate rejects his proscription plan.[9]
November 3: Sulla passes his proscription through a popular assembly; he publishes a list of 520 senators and equites to be murdered on sight.[9]
Gaius Marius the Younger is besieged at the fortress city of Praeneste in Latium. After a fierce resistance, Marius commits suicide.
Pompey is ordered by Sulla to stamp out Marian rebels in Sicily and Africa, after his campaigns in he gets the insulting nickname of adulescentulus carnifex, the "teenage butcher".
Lucius Licinius Murena launches a raid against Pontus in the Battle of Halys, starting the Second Mithridatic War.
Dacia[edit]
Burebista unifies the Dacian population forming the first (and biggest) unified Dacian Kingdom, on the territory of modern Romania and surroundings. 82 BC is also the starting year of his reign.
By topic[edit]
Astronomy[edit]
The Aurigid shower parent comet C/1911 N1 (Kiess) returns to the inner solar system and sheds the dust particles that one revolution later cause the 1935, 1986, 1994, and 2007 Aurigid meteor outbursts on Earth.
81 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 81 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Sulla is appointed dictator, executes his political enemies in a series of proscriptions, and implements aristocratic reforms to the Roman government.
The Second Mithridatic War ends with the status quo.
Cicero wins his first case.
China[edit]
Sang Hongyang and 60 Confucian scholars debate over the state monopoly of Iron and Salt.
80 BC[edit]
This section is transcluded from 80 BC. (edit | history)
By place[edit]
Roman Republic[edit]
Quintus Sertorius re-enters Iberia with a tiny army (2,600 men) and opens a successful campaign against the Sullan forces.
Battle of the Baetis River: A force of Populares exiles under Sertorius defeat the legal Roman army of Lucius Fulfidias in Hispania, starting the Sertorian War; Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius takes command on behalf of Sulla.
Pompeii becomes the Roman colony Colonia Cornelia Veneria Pompei when Sulla occupies the city with at least 4,000 soldier-colonizers.[10]
Egypt[edit]
Ptolemy XII Auletes succeeds Ptolemy XI Alexander II to the throne of Egypt.
Ptolemy XI marries Berenice III, but murders his bride for unknown reasons.
Alexandria comes under Roman jurisdiction.
By topic[edit]
Art[edit]
Roman artists begin to extend the space of a room visually with painted scenes of figures on a shallow stage or with a landscape or cityscape.
Literature[edit]
Meleager publishes his Garland, the earliest known anthology of Greek poetry.
Aulus Sempronius Asellio, Roman praetor (murdered by creditors)
Lucius Porcius Cato, Roman politician and general
Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, Roman politician (b. c. 163 BC)
Titus Didius, killed in battle during the Social War
Li Guangli, Chinese General-in-Chief (Han dynasty)
88 BC
Demetrius III Eucaerus, king of the Seleucid Empire
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman consul
Lady Gouyi, mother of Zhao of Han (b. 113)
Manius Aquillius, Roman consul and general
Ptolemy X Alexander I, king (pharaoh) of Egypt
Publius Sulpicius Rufus, Roman tribune of the plebs, murdered by Sulla
Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur, Roman consul
Quintus Poppaedius Silo, Italian tribe leader
87 BC
March 29 – Han Wudi, emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 157 BC)
Apollodorus of Artemita, Greek writer
Gaius Atilius Serranus, Roman consul and senator
Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo, Roman politician
Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Roman general and politician
Gotarzes I, ruler (shah) of the Parthian Empire
Lucius Cornelius Merula, Roman politician and priest
Lucius Julius Caesar, Roman consul (killed by partisans of Gaius Marius)
Marcus Antonius, Roman consul (executed by order of Marius and Cinna)
Publius Licinius Crassus, Roman consul and censor (killed by Marians invading Rome)
Quintus Ancharius, Roman politician (executed by order of Marius and Cinna)
86 BC
January 13 – Gaius Marius, Roman general and politician (b. c. 157 BC)[13]
March 1 – Aristion, Greek philosopher and tyrant
Jin Midi, Chinese politician and co-regent (b. 134 BC)
Sima Qian, Chinese historian (b. 145 BC)
85 BC
Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman politician (b. c. 140 BC)
Mnesarchus of Athens, Stoic philosopher (b. c. 160 BC)
Lucius Valerius Flaccus
84 BC
Apellicon of Teos, Greek book collector (approximate date)
Gaius Flavius Fimbria, Roman politician and general (suicide)
Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Roman consul (killed by mutinying troops)
Antiochus XII Dionysus, king of the Seleucid Empire (killed in battle)
83 BC
Philip I Philadelphus, Seleucid king (approximate date)
82 BC
Gaius Carrinas, Roman politician and general (executed by order of Sulla)
Gaius Fabius Hadrianus, Roman politician and governor
Gaius Marcius Censorinus, Roman politician and general (executed by order of Sulla)
Gaius Marius the Younger, Roman politician (commits suicide)
Gaius Norbanus, Roman consul and governor (commits suicide)
Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Roman consul (executed by order of Sulla)
Marcus Marius Gratidianus, Roman praetor and politician (executed by order of Sulla)
Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, Roman consul (murdered by order of Marius the Younger)
Quintus Valerius Soranus, Roman politician and Latin poet (executed by order of Sulla)
81 BC
Artaxias I (or Arshak), king of Iberia (Georgia)
Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Roman politician
Ptolemy IX Lathyros, king of Ptolemaic Egypt
80 BC
Berenice III, queen regnant of Egypt (b. 120 BC)
Caecilia Metella Dalmatica, daughter of Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus (approximate date)
Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus, Greek freedman
Ptolemy XI Alexander II, king (pharaoh) of Egypt
Sang Hongyang, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty
Shangguan Jie, Chinese politician of the Han dynasty
Princess Eyi, Han Chinese princess
^Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 235–236. ISBN 978-1628944167.
^Pompey, Command (p. 11). Nic Fields, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84908-572-4
^Pompey, Command (p. 39). Nic Fields, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84908-572-4
^Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 237–239. ISBN 978-1628944167.
^Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. p. 239. ISBN 978-1628944167.
^LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 128. ISBN 0-631-21858-0.
^Nic Fields (2012). Osprey series: Command - Pompey, p. 7. ISBN 978-1-84908-572-4.
^Stambaugh, John E. (1988). The Ancient Roman City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 40. ISBN 0-8018-3574-7.
^ abcFrançois Hinard, Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine, Rome, Ecole française de Rome, 1985, pp. 108, 109, 116. ISBN 2728300941
^Stambaugh, John E. (1988). The Ancient Roman City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-8018-3574-7.
^Badian, E. (February 19, 2024). "Marcus Junius Brutus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
^LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 128. ISBN 0-631-21858-0.
^Balsdon, John P.V. Dacre. "Gaius Marius". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
80sBC is the time period from 89 BC – 80 BC. Consuls: Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato. Social War: Roman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato...
century BC, also known as the last century BC and the last century BCE, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation...
Caecilius Metellus, a Roman politician in the 80sBC Gaius Caecilius Metellus Caprarius, Roman consul in 113 BC Lucius Caecilius Metellus (disambiguation)...
Year 94 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caldus and Ahenobarbus (or, less frequently...
Year 100 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marius and Flaccus (or, less frequently...
Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD). Chu-Han Contention (207 BC–202 BC) Han dynasty, 190 BC - kingdoms in red, commanderies in black 154 BC - Rebellion of the...
The Sertorian War was a civil war fought from 80 to 72 BC between a faction of Roman rebels (Sertorians) and the government in Rome (Sullans). The war...
Year 61 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calpurnianus and Messalla (or, less frequently...
Year 69 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hortensius and Metellus (or, less frequently...
millennium BC, also known as the last millennium BC, was the period of time lasting from the years 1000 BC to 1 BC (10th to 1st centuries BC; in astronomy:...
Year 72 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Publicola and Lentulus (or, less frequently...
The First Mithridatic War (89–85 BC) was a war challenging the Roman Republic's expanding empire and rule over the Greek world. In this conflict, the Kingdom...
The Battle of the Colline Gate, fought on 1 November 82 BC, was the decisive battle of the civil war between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and the Marians, Samnites...
Year 60 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Metellus Celer and Afranius (or, less...
c. 85–46 BC) was a king of Numidia (present-day Algeria) who reigned from 60 to 46 BC. He was the son and successor to Hiempsal II. In 81 BC Hiempsal...
The year 65 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cotta and Torquatus (or, less frequently...
Dacian kingdom that united the Dacians and the Getae people existed between 82 BC until the Roman conquest in AD 106, reaching its height under King Burebista...
Year 93 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flaccus and Herennius (or, less frequently...