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6 February 1934 crisis
Part of the interwar period
Rioters attacking mounted police with projectiles outside the Place de la Concorde during the crisis
Date
6 February 1934
Location
Place de la Concorde, Paris, France
Caused by
Fallout from the Stavisky affair
Dismissal of Jean Chiappe
Methods
Riots
Resulted in
Resignation of Édouard Daladier
Counter-demonstrations by left-wing groups
Further radicalization of the right-wing
Parties
Far-Right Leagues
French Action
Young Patriots
Francist Movement
Cross of Fire
French Solidarity
UNC [fr]
Supported by: Italy
Government of France
Cartel of the Left
Paris police
Supported by: United Kingdom
Left-wing protesters
Communist Party
ARAC [fr]
Supported by: Soviet Union
Lead figures
Charles Maurras Pierre Taittinger Marcel Bucard François de La Rocque François Coty
Albert Lebrun Édouard Daladier
Maurice Thorez
Casualties
Death(s)
17 (including 9 right-wing protesters)
The 6 February 1934 crisis (also known as the Veterans' Riot[1]) was an anti-parliamentarist street demonstration in Paris organized by multiple far-rightist leagues that culminated in a riot on the Place de la Concorde, near the building used for the French National Assembly. The police shot and killed 17 people, nine of whom were far-right protesters. It was one of the major political crises during the Third Republic (1870–1940).[2] Leftist Frenchmen claimed it was an attempt to organize a fascist coup d'état. According to historian Joel Colton, "The consensus among scholars is that there was no concerted or unified design to seize power and that the leagues lacked the coherence, unity, or leadership to accomplish such an end."[3]
As a result of the actions of that day, several anti-fascist organisations were created, such as the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, in an attempt to thwart fascism in France. After World War II, several historians, among them Serge Berstein, argued that while some leagues had indisputably desired a coup, François de La Rocque had in fact moderated toward a respect for constitutional order. However, the fascist actions on 6 February were arguably an uncoordinated but violent attempt to overthrow the Cartel des gauches government elected in 1932.[4]
Radical-Socialist politician Édouard Daladier, who was president of the Council of Ministers, replaced Camille Chautemps on 27 January 1934 because of accusations of corruption (including the Stavisky Affair). Daladier, who had been popular, was nonetheless forced to resign on 7 February. He was replaced by the conservative Radical Gaston Doumergue as head of the government; this was the first time during the Third Republic that a government was ended because of street demonstrations.
^Chris Millington (2010). "February 6, 1934: The Veterans' Riot". French Historical Studies. 33 (4): 545–572. doi:10.1215/00161071-2010-010.
^Chris Millington, "Political Violence in Interwar France." History Compass 10.3 (2012): 246–259.
^Joel Colton, "Politics and economics in the 1930s" in From the Ancien Regime to the Popular Front, ed. Charles K. Warner (1969), p. 183
^Brian Jenkins, "The six fevrier 1934 and the 'Survival' of the French Republic." French history 20.3 (2006): 333–351.
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