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The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC.
The Parthenon in Athens, a symbol of Ancient Greece and Western Philosophy.
This century saw the establishment of Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire. This city would later become the ruling capital of different Indian kingdoms for about a thousand years. This period saw the rise of two great philosophical schools of the east, Jainism and Buddhism.
This period saw Mahavira and Buddha spreading their respective teachings in the northern plains of India. This essentially changed the socio-cultural and political dynamics of the region of South Asia. Buddhism would later go on to become one of the major world religions.
This period also saw the work of Yaska, who created Nirukta, that would lay the foundation stone for Sanskrit grammar and is one of the oldest works on grammar known to mankind.
This century is also traditionally recognized as the classical period of the Greeks, which would continue all the way through the 4th century until the time of Alexander the Great. The life of Socrates represented a major milestone in Greek philosophy though his teachings only survive through the work of his students, most notably Plato and Xenophon. The tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, as well as the comedian Aristophanes all date from this era and many of their works are still considered classics of the western theatrical canon.
The Persian Wars, fought between a coalition of Greek cities and the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire was a pivotal moment in Greek politics. The Greeks successfully prevented the annexation of Greece by the Persians in Battle of Plataea, Battle of Mycale, and further counter attacks. Afterwards, Sparta, the dominant power in the coalition, had no intention of further offensive action and considered the war over. Meanwhile, Athens counter-attacked, liberating Greek subjects of the Persian Empire up and down the Ionian coast and mobilizing a new coalition, the Delian League. Tensions between Athens, and its growing imperialistic ambitions as leader of the Delian League, and the traditionally dominant Sparta led to a protracted stalemate in the Peloponnesian War.
The 5thcenturyBC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. This century saw the establishment of Pataliputra as a capital of...
the 5thcenturyBC in classical Greece is generally considered as beginning in 500 BC and ending in 404 BC, though this is debated. This century is essentially...
447–432 BC – Modern Parthenon in Athens built by Ictinus and Callicrates under the direction of the sculptor Phidias. About 430 BC – Temple of Apollo Epicurius...
Mathematics (1903) is considered to mark the beginning of 20th-century philosophy. The 20th century also saw the increasing professionalization of the discipline...
University Press, 2005. Morrison, J.S. 1974. "Greek Naval Tactics in the 5thcenturyBC." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration...
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millennium BC, also known as the last millennium BC, was the period of time lasting from the years 1000 BC to 1 BC (10th to 1st centuriesBC; in astronomy:...
the Papyrus of Ani around 1240 BC, but other versions of the book probably date from about the 18th centuryBC. 2600 BC: Sumerian texts from Abu Salabikh...
The 4th century BCE started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical...
The 5th millennium BC spanned the years [5000 BCE - 4000 BCE) (c. 7 ka to c. 6 ka), that is, inclusive of 5000 BCE but exclusive of 4000 BCE. It is impossible...
the 6th centuryBC – State leaders in the 4th centuryBC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 5thcenturyBC (500–401 BC). Carthage...
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Egypt. In the 5thcenturyBC, Arcadian soldiers fought for Xerxes I in 480 when he led the Persian invasion of Greece. Later in the century, many Greek...
survives. Most, if not all, of our knowledge of Oedipus, comes from the 5thcenturyBC. Though these stories principally deal with his downfall, various details...
millennium BC, Eglon of Moab by Ehud 1155 BC Ramesses III of New Kingdom of Egypt from a neck wound inflicted by conspirators 11th centuryBC Agag of Amalek...
Mediterranean in the 5thcenturyBC had been Athens and Sparta. The defeat of Athens by Sparta resulted in Spartan hegemony in the early 4th centuryBC. Sparta's...
the 7th centuryBC – State leaders in the 5thcenturyBC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 6th centuryBC (600–501 BC). Carthage...
cultures such as the Upper Xiajiadian. Several Ordos artifacts from the 6-5thcenturyBC reflect a nomadic culture based on the chariot rather than the mounted...
inclusion into a newly established Illyrian realm at the latest in the 5thcenturyBC, marking the arising of the Dassaretii, who appear to have replaced...
the Scythian tribes 657 BC or 625 BC – Histria founded 6th-5thcenturyBC Tomis is founded Histria, temple of Zeus Polieus 560 BC – Megara founds Heraclea...
world's first bimetallic monetary system c. 550 BC. Coins spread rapidly in the 6th and 5thcenturiesBC, leading to the development of Ancient Greek coinage...
early as 500 BC. 485 BC: Catapult by Ajatashatru in Magadha, India. 485 BC: Scythed chariot by Ajatashatru in Magadha, India. 5thcenturyBC: Cast iron...
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