4D scanning transmission electron microscopy information
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) is a subset of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) which utilizes a pixelated electron detector to capture a convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) pattern at each scan location. This technique captures a 2 dimensional reciprocal space image associated with each scan point as the beam rasters across a 2 dimensional region in real space, hence the name 4D STEM. Its development was enabled by evolution in STEM detectors and improvements computational power. The technique has applications in visual diffraction imaging, phase orientation and strain mapping, phase contrast analysis, among others.
The name 4D STEM is common in literature, however it is known by other names: 4D STEM EELS, ND STEM (N- since the number of dimensions could be higher than 4), position resolved diffraction (PRD), spatial resolved diffractometry, momentum-resolved STEM, "nanobeam precision electron diffraction", scanning electron nano diffraction (SEND), nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED), or pixelated STEM.[1]
"Four-Dimensional ScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond". Microscopy and Microanalysis...
"Four-Dimensional ScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond". Microscopy and Microanalysis...
light microscopy and transmissionelectronmicroscopy) or by scanning a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanningmicroscopy and scanning...
crystallographic phases. 4Dscanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy (4D STEM) is a subset of scanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy (STEM) methods which...
using scanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Because the imaging was conducted using an electron beam, Coulombic...
times faster than those offered by point-scanning methods. This method is used in cell biology and for microscopy of intact, often chemically cleared, organs...
object is lost. Holography was invented by Dennis Gabor to improve electronmicroscopy. Nevertheless, it never found many concrete and industrial applications...
development of the Field Emission Gun (FEG) in the 1970s, the ScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy (STEM), energy filtering devices and so on, made possible...
technique as originally invented is still used in electronmicroscopy, where it is known as electron holography. Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics...
the fly central brain. It was collected using focused ion beam scanningelectronmicroscopy (FIB-SEM) which generated an 8 nm isotropic dataset, then automatically...
publish the first direct images of DNA, which were produced using a scanningelectron microscope. The images provide photographic proof of DNA's double-helix...
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