Referendum regarding Venezuelan-claimed territory of Guayana Esequiba
2023 Venezuelan referendum
3 December 2023 (2023-12-03)
Voting system
Majority vote
Outcome
Turnout: 51.01% (officially)
1. Do you agree to reject by all means in accordance with the law, the line fraudulently interposed by the 1899 Paris Arbitration Award, which seeks to deprive us of our Guayana Esequiba?
Declared
99.89%
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
10,315,485
98.00%
No
210,329
2.00%
Valid votes
10,525,814
99.72%
Invalid or blank votes
29,278
0.28%
Total votes
10,555,092
100.00%
Registered voters/turnout
51.01%
2. Do you support the 1966 Geneva Agreement as the only valid legal instrument to reach a practical and satisfactory solution for Venezuela and Guyana regarding the controversy over the territory of Guayana Esequiba?
Declared
99.89%
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
10,322,718
98.27%
No
181,725
1.73%
Valid votes
10,504,443
99.52%
Invalid or blank votes
50,649
0.48%
Total votes
10,555,092
100.00%
Registered voters/turnout
51.01%
3. Do you agree with Venezuela's historical position of not recognizing the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice to resolve the territorial controversy over Guayana Esequiba?
Declared
99.89%
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
10,132,099
98.24%
No
181,725
1.76%
Valid votes
10,313,824
99.51%
Invalid or blank votes
50,649
0.49%
Total votes
10,364,473
100.00%
Registered voters/turnout
51.01%
4. Do you agree to oppose, by all legal means, Guyana's claim to unilaterally dispose of a sea pending delimitation, illegally and in violation of international law?
Declared
99.89%
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
10,134,189
96.37%
No
381,770
3.63%
Valid votes
10,515,959
99.63%
Invalid or blank votes
39,133
0.37%
Total votes
10,555,092
100.00%
Registered voters/turnout
51.01%
5. Do you agree with the creation of the Guayana Esequiba state and the development of an accelerated plan for comprehensive care for the current and future population of that territory, which includes, among others, the granting of citizenship and identity card? Venezuela, in accordance with the Geneva Agreement and International Law, consequently incorporating said state on the map of Venezuelan territory?
Declared
99.89%
Results
Choice
Votes
%
Yes
10,070,255
96.37%
No
379,397
3.63%
Valid votes
10,449,652
99.00%
Invalid or blank votes
105,440
1.00%
Total votes
10,555,092
100.00%
Registered voters/turnout
51.01%
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Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute
History
Schomburgk Line (1840)
Venezuelan crisis (1895)
Paris Arbitral Award (1899)
Mallet-Prevost memorandum (1949)
Geneva Agreement (1966)
Rupununi uprising (1969)
Port of Spain Protocol (1970)
2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis
Venezuelan referendum
v
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e
A consultative referendum was initiated by the government of Nicolás Maduro regarding Venezuela's claim over the Guayana Esequiba, whose territory is disputed with, and controlled by, neighboring Guyana. The referendum took place on 3 December 2023 in Venezuela.[1] The population of the territory in question was not consulted and did not vote as voting only took place within Venezuela.
The referendum consisted of five questions concerning various aspects of Venezuela's claim to territory controlled and administered by Guyana, including rejection of the International Court of Justice's jurisdiction over the dispute, the establishment of a Guayana Esequiba state, and granting its population immediate Venezuelan citizenship.[2] The referendum was one of the contributing factors for the Guyana–Venezuela crisis.[3]
According to the Venezuelan government, more than 95% of Venezuelans who voted selected "yes" on each of the five questions on the ballot.[4] International analysts and media reported that turnout had been remarkably low and that the Venezuelan government had falsified the results.[5]
Following the poor turnout, the chief prosecutor of Venezuela, Tarek William Saab, accused opposition leaders of sabotaging the referendum and issued arrest warrants for 15 of them, with charges such as treason and conspiracy. This appeared to be a further attempt to suppress political opposition ahead of the 2024 presidential election, despite free and fair elections being agreed with the US as a condition for lifting sanctions.[6]
^"Venezuela sets referendum date on territory dispute with Guyana". Reuters. 20 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
^van den Berg, Stephanie (15 November 2023). "Venezuela tells World Court referendum to go ahead despite Guyana resistance". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^Paredes, Norberto (1 December 2023). "Esequibo: 5 claves para entender el controvertido referendo en Venezuela sobre la región que le disputa a Guyana". BBC News (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^Shortell, David (4 December 2023). "Venezuelans approve takeover of oil-rich region of Guyana in referendum". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023. In a news conference announcing preliminary results from the first tranche of counted votes, the Venezuelan National Electoral Council said voters chose "yes" more than 95% of the time on each of five questions on the ballot.
^Luke Taylor (4 December 2023). "Maduro vote to claim Guyana's territory backfires as Venezuelans stay home". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^Genevieve Glatsky; Isayen Herrera (6 December 2023). "Venezuela Orders Arrest of Top Opposition Figures, Claiming Treason". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
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