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2023 French pension reform unrest Manifestations contre la réforme des retraites en France
Part of the protests against Emmanuel Macron
A demonstration in Besançon on 11 February
Date
19 January – 8 June 2023 (2023-01-19 – 2023-06-08)[1] (4 months, 2 weeks and 4 days)
Location
France
Caused by
Pension reform of the Borne government
Goals
Cancellation of the pension reform of the Borne government
Methods
Labor strikes
Picketing
Demonstrations
Civil resistance
Civil disobedience
Direct action
Internet activism
Civil disorder
Street blockades
Barricades
Riots[2]
Vandalism
Arson
Looting
Status
Failed
Parties
Anti-government protesters Trade unions
List
General Confederation of Labour
French Democratic Confederation of Labour
Workers' Force
French Confederation of Management – General Confederation of Executives
French Confederation of Christian Workers
National Union of Autonomous Trade Unions
Union syndicale Solidaires
Fédération Syndicale Unitaire
Confédération nationale du travail
Anarchists
List
Anarchist Federation
Union communiste libertaire
Supported by:
NUPES
La France Insoumise
Europe Ecology – The Greens
Socialist Party
French Communist Party
Radical Party of the Left
New Anticapitalist Party
Lutte Ouvrière
French Republic
Government of France
Emmanuel Macron
Borne government
Law enforcement
National Police
Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
National Gendarmerie
Mobile Gendarmerie
Rural Guard
Military
French Army
National Guard
Supported by:
Ensemble Citoyens
Renaissance
Democratic Movement
Horizons
Radical Party
The Republicans
Reconquête[3]
Opposition to both reform and strikes:
National Rally
LR dissidents
Lead figures
Decentralized leadership (various social leaders)
Trade union leaders:
Philippe Martinez
Sophie Binet
Frédéric Souillot
Laurent Berger
Laurent Escure [fr]
François Hommeril [fr]
Emmanuel Macron
Élisabeth Borne
Gérald Darmanin
Sébastien Lecornu
Number
1–3.5 million (according to trade unions, depending on the days of demonstrations)
368k–1.28M (according to interior ministry, depending on the days of demonstrations)[4]
Casualties and losses
~ 450 injured
~ 117 injured
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64.
The strikes led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the Constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.
Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".
^"Réforme des retraites : Une nouvelle casserolade en petit comité à Troyes". 8 June 2023.
^Vidalon, Dominique; Ausloos, Manuel (18 March 2023). Holmes, David; Graff, Peter; Wallis, Daniel (eds.). "Paris police, protesters clash for third night over Macron's pension reform". Reuters. Additional reporting by Gilles Guillaume and Forrest Crellin. Paris. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^"Éric Zemmour soutient la réforme des retraites du gouvernement". Le HuffPost (in French). 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
^Clair, Alice; Guillot, Julien (2 February 2023). "Réforme des retraites : suivez l'ampleur de la mobilisation, manifestation après manifestation" [Retirement Reform: follow the size of the mobilisation, protest after protest]. Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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