Maine Question 5, formally An Act to Establish Ranked-Choice Voting,[2] is a citizen-initiated referendum question that qualified for the Maine November 8, 2016 statewide ballot. It was approved by a vote of 52% in favor, 48% opposed.[3] It sought to change how most Maine elections will be conducted from plurality voting to instant-runoff voting (IRV, sometimes conflated with ranked-choice voting). It appeared on the ballot along with elections for President of the United States, Maine's two U.S. House seats, the legislature, five other ballot questions, and various local elections. The referendum was successful, making Maine the first state to use ranked choice voting for its federal elections.
An advisory opinion by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, issued on May 23, 2017, said the court would rule ranked-choice voting unconstitutional if it came before them, with respect to elections for state offices. This led the Maine Legislature to vote to delay its implementation until 2021 to allow time for a Constitutional amendment to be passed to permit it. Supporters gathered signatures to force a successful people's veto referendum on the matter in order to prevent the delay.
^"November 8, 2016 General Election". Maine Department of Secretary of State.
^"Maine Citizen's Guide to the Referendum Election" (PDF). State of Maine Office of the Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
^"Maine Question 5 — Allow Ranked-Choice Voting — Results: Approved – Election Results 2016". New York Times. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
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