"Harmony Gold Mine" redirects here. For the cricket ground, see Harmony Gold Mine Cricket Club A Ground.
The deaths occurred in the Free State province of South Africa.
The 2009 Harmony Gold mine deaths occurred in late May and early June 2009 in Free State province, South Africa. At least 82 miners, many from Lesotho, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, died from inhalation of poisonous gasses created by a May 18 fire in the mineshaft.[1][2]
Critically, the ranks of unemployed, independent and redundant miners are unofficially tolerated within unsecured, less-profitable mines. Consequently, in reports from Africa the dead are being officially defined as "illegal miners" — or "trespassers" — onto the mineral-claims of the larger corporate mining operators and market consortiums which traditionally depend on government-supported mineral-extraction concessions and export rights granted in areas such as Free State. A former police officer with 12 years' experience in cases of "illegal mining" said he feared that hundreds more bodies of "illegals" could still be underground in mines in the city of Welkom, according to a report in the leading Afrikaans daily, Beeld. He estimated that about 3,000 illegal miners work underground in the mines in Welkom alone.[3]
The affected mine (the Eland shaft[4]) is owned by Harmony Gold.[5][6] Africa's third-largest gold producer and the fifth-largest in the world, Harmony is especially exposed to trespassers because the company followed a strategy of buying up old, abandoned or marginally productive mines (alongside controversial, environmentally expensive extraction techniques), which fell into disuse when gold prices were lower.[7]
^"South African Press Association, "Illegal and lethal", iafrica.com (01:21pm 08 Jun 2009)". Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^"SA mine tragedy: Death toll rises". The Herald (Harare). 2009-06-04. Archived from the original on 8 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
^"Illegal mining: More bodies found at Free State mine", Mail & Guardian (Johannesberg) online (June 4, 2009 12:55)
^"Harmony reports success in combating criminal mining", Harmony News Release (1 June 2009) Archived 8 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^Cite error: The named reference South African miners die in blaze was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference At Least 60 Illegal South African Miners Die in Abandoned Shaft was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^James Macharia, "More than 60 illegal miners killed at SA gold mine", Mail & Guardian (Johannesberg) online (Jun 02 2009 12:02)
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