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Operation Fair Play
Part of the Cold war and Military coups in Pakistan
Type
Strategic and tactical
Location
Prime Minister Secretariat, Islamabad
Planned by
General Headquarters (GHQ)
Objective
Relief of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from the Prime Minister Secretariat
Date
5 July 1977
Executed by
111th Brigade, X Corps
Outcome
Success of coup d'etat led by General Zia-ul-Haq
Execution of elected prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
Closer ties with United States
Growth of Islamism
This article is part of a series about
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Early life
Military coup
Zia administration
Policies
Hudud Ordinances
Islamization
Economic policy
Ziaism
President of Pakistan
Presidency
1984 referendum
1985 parliamentary elections
Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan
VIII
X
Ojhri Camp disaster
Zakat Council
Death
Shafi-ur-Rehman Commission
A Case of Exploding Mangoes
Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video
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The 1977 Pakistani military coup (codenamed Operation Fair Play) was the second military coup in Pakistan that took place on 5 July 1977. It was carried out by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the chief of army staff, overthrowing the government of prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
The coup itself was bloodless, and was preceded by social unrest and political conflict between the ruling leftist Pakistan Peoples Party government of Bhutto, and the right-wing Islamist opposition Pakistan National Alliance which accused Bhutto of rigging the 1977 general elections. In announcing the coup, Zia promised "free and fair elections" within 90 days, but these were repeatedly postponed on the excuse of accountability and it was not until 1985 that ("party-less") general elections were held. Zia himself stayed in power for 11 years until his death in a plane crash.
The coup was a watershed event in the Cold War and in the history of the country. The coup took place nearly six years after the 1971 war with India which ended with the surrender of Pakistan and the liberation of Bangladesh. The period following the coup saw the "Islamisation of Pakistan" and Pakistan's involvement with the Afghan mujahideen (funded by the US and Saudi Arabia) in the war against the Soviets in Afghanistan.
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