Demonstrations, rioting, house burnings, gun battles
Resulted in
150+ homes destroyed
1,820 families evacuated
British Army deployed
Peace lines built
Casualties and losses
8 killed 750+ injured (including 133 from gunshot wounds)
v
t
e
The Troubles in Ireland
1960s and 1970s
Battle of the Bogside/1969 riots
RTÉ bombing
Battle of St Matthew's
Falls Curfew
Crossmaglen bombing
Scottish soldiers' killings
Operation Demetrius
Ballymurphy massacre
Newry killings
Red Lion Pub bombing
McGurk's Bar bombing
Balmoral showroom bombing
Bloody Sunday
Abercorn Restaurant bombing
Donegall St bombing
Battle at Springmartin
Dungiven ambush
Battle of Lenadoon
Springhill massacre
Bloody Friday
Operation Motorman
Claudy bombing
Newry customs bombing
Benny's Bar bombing
Annie's Bar massacre
Belturbet bombing
Dublin bombings
New Lodge Six shooting
Coleraine bombings
Rose & Crown Bar bombing
Clogher barracks attack
Dublin & Monaghan bombings
Mountainview Tavern attack
Bleary Darts Club shooting
Strand Bar bombing
Forkhill beer keg bomb
Miami Showband killings
Bayardo Bar attack
Tullyvallen massacre
October 1975 attacks
Drummuckavall ambush
Dublin Airport bombing
Dundalk & Silverbridge attacks
Central Bar bombing
Reavey and O'Dowd killings
Kingsmill massacre
Castleblayney bombing
Hillcrest Bar bombing
Flagstaff Hill incident
Charlemont pub attacks
Store Bar shooting
Chlorane Bar attack
Ramble Inn attack
Stag Inn attack
Garryhinch ambush
Jonesborough Gazelle shootdown
La Mon restaurant bombing
Warrenpoint ambush
Dungannon land mine attack
1980s
Dunmurry train bombing
Lough Foyle attacks
Altnaveigh landmine attack
Glasdrumman ambush
Divis Flats bombing
Droppin Well bombing
Ballygawley land mine attack
Darkley killings
Kesh ambush
Strabane ambush
Newry mortar attack
Ballygawley barracks attack
Birches barracks attack
Clontibret invasion
Loughgall ambush
Remembrance Day bombing
Milltown Cemetery attack
Corporals killings
Avenue Bar shooting
Lisburn van bombing
Aughanduff Lynx shootdown
Ballygawley bus bombing
Drumnakilly ambush
Jonesborough ambush
Derryard checkpoint attack
1990s
Derrygorry Gazelle shootdown
Downpatrick landmine attack
Operation Conservation
Armagh City roadside bombing
Fort Victoria
Proxy bombings
Lough Neagh ambush
Silverbridge Lynx shootdown
Mullacreevie ambush
Cappagh killings
Craigavon mobile shop killings
Glenanne barracks bombing
Coagh ambush
Musgrave Park Hospital bombing
Craigavon Hyster killings
Teebane bombing
Sinn Féin Headquarters shooting
Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting
Clonoe ambush
Cloghoge checkpoint attack
Coalisland riots
South Armagh sniper campaign
Forensic Lab bombing
James Murray's bookmakers attack
Castlerock killings
Cullaville occupation
Battle of Newry Road
Shankill Road bombing
Greysteel massacre
Fivemiletown ambush
Crossmaglen Lynx shootdown
1994 Shankill Road killings
Loughinisland massacre
Killeeshil ambush
Drumcree conflict
Thiepval barracks bombing
Coalisland attack
1997 riots
Quinn brothers' killings
Banbridge bombing
Omagh bombing
See also: The Troubles in Britain & Europe, Assassinations during the Troubles, and Loyalist feud
During 12–16 August 1969, there was an outbreak of political and sectarian violence throughout Northern Ireland, which is often seen as the beginning of the thirty-year conflict known as the Troubles. There had been sporadic violence throughout the year arising out of the Northern Ireland civil rights campaign, which demanded an end to discrimination against Catholics and Irish nationalists. Civil rights marches had been attacked by Protestant loyalists, and protesters often clashed with the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), the overwhelmingly Protestant police force.
On 12 August, the Battle of the Bogside erupted in Derry: three days of fierce clashes between the RUC and thousands of Catholic/nationalist residents of Derry's Bogside district. The besieged residents built barricades and set up first aid posts and workshops for making petrol bombs. Police fired CS gas at rioters for the first time in the history of the UK. In support of the Bogsiders, on 13 August Catholics/nationalists held protests elsewhere in Northern Ireland, some of which led to violence. The bloodiest clashes were in Belfast, where seven people were killed and hundreds wounded, five of them Catholic civilians shot by police. Protesters clashed with both the police and with loyalists, who attacked Catholic districts. Scores of homes and businesses were burnt out, most of them owned by Catholics, and thousands of mostly Catholic families were driven from their homes. In some cases, police helped the loyalists and failed to protect Catholic areas. Both republican and loyalist paramilitaries were involved in the clashes.[1][2][3] There were also clashes between protesters and police in Armagh, where a protester was killed by police, as well as in Dungannon and Newry.
The British Army was deployed to restore order on 14 August, beginning the thirty-seven year Operation Banner, and peace lines were built to separate Catholic and Protestant districts. The Republic of Ireland's government set up field hospitals and refugee centres near the Irish border, and called for a United Nations peacekeeping force to be sent to Northern Ireland. The British government held an inquiry into the riots, and the reserve police force was disbanded. The riots led to a split within the IRA and the formation of the Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Official Irish Republican Army. It also led to the growth of loyalist paramilitaries such as the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).
^Fields, Rona M. Northern Ireland: Society Under Siege. Transaction Publishers, 1977. p.19
^Tonge, Jonathan. Northern Ireland: Conflict and Change. 2002. p.39
^Shanahan, Timothy. The Provisional IRA and the morality of terrorism. Edinburgh University Press, 2009. p.13
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