Surface weather analysis of the typhoon on 1 September
Meteorological history
Formed
24 August 1937 (1937-08-24)
Dissipated
4 September 1937 (1937-09-04)
Typhoon
Highest winds
185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure
953 hPa (mbar); 28.14 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities
At least 11,000
Damage
$300,000 (1937 USD)
Areas affected
Southern China, especially Hong Kong
IBTrACS
Part of the 1937 Pacific typhoon season
The 1937 Great Hong Kong Typhoon was one of the deadliest typhoons in Hong Kong history, with a death toll estimated between 11,000–13,000. Part of the 1937 Pacific typhoon season, the tropical cyclone originated on 24 August to the south of Guam, which proceeded generally to the west-northwest. On 1 September the storm entered the South China Sea, and early the next day, the typhoon passed just south of Hong Kong before making landfall in southern China. It weakened after moving ashore, dissipating on 3 September.
Ahead of the storm's landfall, the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) issued warning signals and set off explosives, known as a typhoon bomb, to warn the public. During its closest approach, the typhoon produced the strongest ever wind gust in the territory, reaching 241 km/h (150 mph) before the anemometer stopped, until it was surpassed by Typhoon Wanda in 1962. Unofficial nearby observations recorded gusts as high as 268 km/h (167 mph). The typhoon also produced heavy rainfall and high tides, with a high water mark at Tai Po estimated at 6.2 metres (20.5 ft). The typhoon killed at least 11,000 people, possibly as many as 13,000, many of them fishermen, with 1,855 fishing boats wrecked, as well as 28 ships bound for the ocean. Across the territory, the storm damaged houses, factories, roads, and rail lines, with damage estimated at HK$1 million (US$300,000). Nearby Macau lost 21 people.
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